Global Interest Rates & Central Bank Statistics in 2025
Post-tightening monetary recalibration across advanced and emerging central banks Inspect 12 headline monetary indicators and 20 reporting central bank policy rates recorded in 2025.
Headline Monetary Indicators in 2025
Federal Reserve
Rank #42 of 73 yrs
Federal Funds Effective Rate (United States)
2025 Reading 3.62%
YoY Change -0.76 pp
European Central Bank
Rank #13 of 28 yrs
ECB Main Policy Interest Rate (Euro Area)
2025 Reading 2.00%
YoY Change -1.00 pp
Bank of England
Rank #56 of 81 yrs
Bank of England Official Base Rate (United Kingdom)
2025 Reading 3.75%
YoY Change -1.00 pp
Bank of Japan
Rank #51 of 75 yrs
Bank of Japan Policy Interest Rate (Japan)
2025 Reading 0.75%
YoY Change +0.50 pp
Reserve Bank of Australia
Rank #40 of 51 yrs
RBA Cash Rate Target (Australia)
2025 Reading 3.60%
YoY Change -0.75 pp
Swiss National Bank
Rank #72 of 81 yrs
Swiss National Bank Policy Interest Rate (Switzerland)
2025 Reading 0.00%
YoY Change -0.50 pp
Bank of Canada
Rank #51 of 67 yrs
Bank of Canada Target Overnight Rate (Canada)
2025 Reading 2.25%
YoY Change -1.00 pp
Federal Reserve
Rank #58 of 113 yrs
United States Inflation Rate (CPI YoY %)
2025 Reading 2.69%
YoY Change -0.26 pp
Bank of England
Rank #51 of 113 yrs
United Kingdom Inflation Rate (CPI YoY %)
2025 Reading 3.37%
YoY Change +0.82 pp
Federal Reserve
Rank #7 of 113 yrs
Federal Reserve Balance Sheet Total Assets (USD)
2025 Reading $6,640.62B
YoY Change $-245.34B
Federal Reserve
Rank #1 of 66 yrs
United States Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD)
2025 Reading $1,385.45B
YoY Change +$475.41B
Federal Reserve
Rank #10 of 63 yrs
US Dollar (USD) Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER)
2025 Reading 109.49
YoY Change +0.09
Central Bank Policy Rates & Real Interest Rates in 2025 (20 Monetary Authorities)
| Rank | Central Bank | Country / CCY | 2025 Policy Rate | 2025 CPI Inflation | 2025 Ex-Post Real Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #1 | Central Bank of Brazil (BCB) | Brazil (BRL) | 15.00% | 5.02% | +9.98% |
| #2 | Bank of Mexico (BANXICO) | Mexico (MXN) | 7.00% | 3.81% | +3.19% |
| #3 | South African Reserve Bank (SARB) | South Africa (ZAR) | 6.75% | 3.22% | +3.53% |
| #4 | Reserve Bank of India (RBI) | India (INR) | 5.25% | 2.21% | +3.04% |
| #5 | Bank Indonesia (BI) | Indonesia (IDR) | 4.75% | 1.91% | +2.84% |
| #6 | Central Bank of Chile (BCCH) | Chile (CLP) | 4.50% | 4.22% | +0.28% |
| #7 | Norges Bank (NORGES) | Norway (NOK) | 4.00% | 3.04% | +0.96% |
| #8 | National Bank of Poland (NBP) | Poland (PLN) | 4.00% | 3.87% | +0.13% |
| #9 | Bank of England (BOE) | United Kingdom (GBP) | 3.75% | 3.37% | +0.38% |
| #10 | Federal Reserve (FED) | United States (USD) | 3.62% | 2.69% | +0.93% |
| #11 | Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) | Australia (AUD) | 3.60% | 2.84% | +0.76% |
| #12 | People's Bank of China (PBOC) | China (CNY) | 3.00% | 0.05% | +2.95% |
| #13 | Bank of Korea (BOK) | South Korea (KRW) | 2.50% | 2.12% | +0.38% |
| #14 | Bank of Canada (BOC) | Canada (CAD) | 2.25% | 2.07% | +0.18% |
| #15 | Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) | New Zealand (NZD) | 2.25% | 2.84% | -0.59% |
| #16 | European Central Bank (ECB) | Euro Area (EUR) | 2.00% | 2.13% | -0.13% |
| #17 | Sveriges Riksbank (RIKSBANK) | Sweden (SEK) | 1.75% | 0.68% | +1.07% |
| #18 | Danmarks Nationalbank (DNB) | Denmark (DKK) | 1.60% | 1.89% | -0.29% |
| #19 | Bank of Japan (BOJ) | Japan (JPY) | 0.75% | 3.20% | -2.45% |
| #20 | Swiss National Bank (SNB) | Switzerland (CHF) | 0.00% | 0.15% | -0.15% |
Surrounding Decade Context (2020-2026)
| Year | Fed Funds | BoE Rate | BoJ Rate | US CPI | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 0.12% | 0.10% | -0.10% | 1.24% | COVID-19 pandemic emergency rate cuts and record balance sheet expansion |
| 2021 | 0.12% | 0.25% | -0.10% | 4.69% | Global monetary policy and central bank balance sheet ledger for 2021. |
| 2022 | 4.38% | 3.50% | -0.10% | 8.01% | Global inflation surge triggers fastest synchronized rate hiking cycle in four decades |
| 2023 | 5.38% | 5.25% | -0.10% | 4.14% | Global monetary policy and central bank balance sheet ledger for 2023. |
| 2024 | 4.38% | 4.75% | 0.25% | 2.95% | G10 policy rates peak and pivot toward gradual monetary normalization |
| 2025 | 3.62% | 3.75% | 0.75% | 2.69% | Post-tightening monetary recalibration across advanced and emerging central banks |
| 2026 | 3.88% | 3.75% | 1.25% | 3.30% | Global monetary policy and central bank balance sheet ledger for 2026. |