ECB · EUR•Est. 1998 · Frankfurt am Main•Mandate Target: 2.0% Medium-Term (HICP)
European Central Bank (ECB) - Monetary Ledger
Primary objective: maintain price stability across the Eurosystem. Explore all six canonical primary-source time series for Euro Area (Euro, EUR): policy rate history, CPI inflation vs. target, consolidated central bank assets in USD and % of GDP, international gold & FX reserves, and real effective exchange rates.
Six Canonical European Central Bank Datasets
Central Bank Interest Rates1999–2026
ECB Main Policy Interest Rate (Euro Area)
Latest (Sep 2026)2.50%
Record High4.75% (2000)
Central Bank Balance Sheets (USD)1998–2026
European Central Bank Balance Sheet Total Assets (USD)
Latest (Jul 2026)$6,823.52B
Record High$9,742.29B (2021)
Central Bank Assets Share of GDP1998–2026
European Central Bank Balance Sheet Share of GDP (Euro Area)
Latest (2026 Q1)39.00%
Record High67.59% (2021)
Consumer Price Inflation Rates & Targets1991–2026
Euro Area Inflation Rate (CPI YoY %)
Latest (Aug 2026)3.25%
Record High10.61% (2022)
Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves1999–2025
Euro Area Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD)
Latest (2025)$2,106.15B
Record High$2,106.15B (2025)
Real Effective Exchange Rates (REER)1964–2026
Euro (EUR) Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER)
Latest (Sep 2026)103.27
Record High118.04 (2008)
European Central Bank Policy Rate & Balance Sheet Trajectories
European Central Bank · EUR
ECB Main Policy Interest Rate (Euro Area) (1999-2026)
% p.a.Drag to pan, scroll to zoom, or toggle between full archive (1999–2026) and recent monthly observations.
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Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS) & European Central Bank (WS_CBPOL:M:XM)
Latest: 2.50% (Sep 2026)
· Real Rate: -0.75%
European Central Bank · EUR
European Central Bank Balance Sheet Total Assets (USD) (1998-2026)
USD BillionsDrag to pan, scroll to zoom, or toggle between full archive (1998–2026) and recent monthly observations.
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Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS) (WS_CBTA:M:XM:B:USD:_Z:B)
Latest: $6,823.52B (Jul 2026)
European Central Bank Bilateral Rate Differentials
FED vs. ECB (USD/EUR)
Federal Reserve vs. ECB Interest Rate Differential
Current Spread:+138 bps
SNB vs. ECB (CHF/EUR)
Swiss National Bank vs. ECB Interest Rate Differential
Current Spread:-250 bps
BOE vs. ECB (GBP/EUR)
Bank of England vs. ECB Interest Rate Spread
Current Spread:+125 bps
RIKSBANK vs. ECB (SEK/EUR)
Sweden Riksbank vs. ECB Interest Rate Spread
Current Spread:-75 bps
NORGES vs. ECB (NOK/EUR)
Norway Norges Bank vs. ECB Interest Rate Differential
Current Spread:+200 bps
Consolidated Annual Monetary Ledger - European Central Bank
Annual policy rate, headline CPI, ex-post real rate, balance sheet assets ($B & % GDP), reserves ($B), and REER index
| Year | Policy Rate | CPI (YoY) | Real Rate | Assets ($B USD) | Assets (% GDP) | Reserves ($B) | REER (2020=100) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 2.50% | 2.66% | -0.16% | $6,823.52B | 39.00% | - | 103.10 |
| 2025 | 2.00% | 2.13% | -0.13% | $7,427.91B | 39.71% | $2,106.15B | 102.74 |
| 2024 | 3.00% | 2.37% | +0.63% | $6,662.08B | 41.79% | $1,449.05B | 101.15 |
| 2023 | 4.50% | 5.48% | -0.98% | $7,663.72B | 46.96% | $1,267.63B | 100.75 |
| 2022 | 2.50% | 8.36% | -5.86% | $8,485.65B | 57.49% | $1,185.67B | 97.35 |
| 2021 | 0.00% | 2.59% | -2.59% | $9,702.28B | 67.59% | $1,196.50B | 100.18 |
| 2020 | 0.00% | 0.26% | -0.26% | $8,564.32B | 59.81% | $1,077.85B | 100.00 |
| 2019 | 0.00% | 1.20% | -1.20% | $5,239.58B | 38.20% | $914.23B | 98.84 |
| 2018 | 0.00% | 1.75% | -1.75% | $5,374.98B | 39.75% | $822.53B | 101.47 |
| 2017 | 0.00% | 1.54% | -1.54% | $5,362.74B | 39.12% | $802.69B | 98.27 |
| 2016 | 0.00% | 0.24% | -0.24% | $3,861.06B | 33.31% | $741.79B | 96.96 |
| 2015 | 0.05% | 0.19% | -0.14% | $3,027.83B | 25.98% | $701.55B | 94.93 |
| 2014 | 0.05% | 0.43% | -0.38% | $2,690.44B | 21.41% | $745.74B | 104.03 |
| 2013 | 0.25% | 1.35% | -1.10% | $3,142.36B | 22.55% | $748.40B | 103.48 |
| 2012 | 0.75% | 2.50% | -1.75% | $3,900.37B | 29.58% | $909.44B | 100.07 |
| 2011 | 1.00% | 2.71% | -1.71% | $3,539.63B | 27.47% | $847.73B | 105.21 |
| 2010 | 1.00% | 1.62% | -0.62% | $2,678.32B | 20.72% | $787.90B | 105.90 |
| 2009 | 1.00% | 0.29% | +0.71% | $2,744.25B | 20.23% | $660.33B | 115.34 |
| 2008 | 2.50% | 3.28% | -0.78% | $2,907.09B | 21.42% | $522.44B | 114.28 |
| 2007 | 4.00% | 2.13% | +1.87% | $1,892.81B | 13.51% | $510.18B | 112.28 |
| 2006 | 3.50% | 2.19% | +1.31% | $1,515.84B | 12.77% | $429.17B | 109.91 |
| 2005 | 2.25% | 2.18% | +0.07% | $1,224.71B | 12.16% | $377.53B | 110.72 |
| 2004 | 2.00% | 2.14% | -0.14% | $1,204.41B | 10.76% | $382.79B | 113.43 |
| 2003 | 2.00% | 2.08% | -0.08% | $1,058.80B | 10.61% | $387.35B | 109.46 |
| 2002 | 2.75% | 2.25% | +0.50% | $833.71B | 10.36% | $383.93B | 97.91 |
| 2001 | 3.25% | 2.35% | +0.90% | $792.49B | 12.13% | $346.05B | 94.12 |
| 2000 | 4.75% | 2.11% | +2.64% | $777.03B | 11.80% | $351.98B | 92.70 |
| 1999 | 3.00% | 1.09% | +1.91% | $806.89B | 11.97% | $373.68B | 103.67 |
| 1998 | - | 1.11% | - | $813.41B | 10.87% | - | 108.13 |
| 1997 | - | 1.57% | - | - | - | - | 105.06 |
| 1996 | - | 2.00% | - | - | - | - | 113.52 |
| 1995 | - | 2.44% | - | - | - | - | 115.91 |
| 1994 | - | 2.69% | - | - | - | - | 112.40 |
| 1993 | - | 3.26% | - | - | - | - | 100.83 |
| 1992 | - | 3.62% | - | - | - | - | 105.14 |
| 1991 | - | 4.13% | - | - | - | - | 101.88 |
| 1990 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 106.38 |
| 1989 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 98.07 |
| 1988 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 100.83 |
| 1987 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 104.66 |
| 1986 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 98.42 |
| 1985 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 87.41 |
| 1984 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 86.91 |
| 1983 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 90.02 |
| 1982 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 89.34 |
| 1981 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 89.32 |
| 1980 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 101.43 |
| 1979 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 101.41 |
| 1978 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 96.79 |
| 1977 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 94.19 |
| 1976 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 91.13 |
| 1975 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 94.30 |
| 1974 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 91.70 |
| 1973 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 95.42 |
| 1972 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 91.75 |
| 1971 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 88.88 |
| 1970 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 88.87 |
| 1969 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 88.74 |
| 1968 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 90.00 |
| 1967 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 89.59 |
| 1966 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 89.83 |
| 1965 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 90.62 |
| 1964 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 89.67 |