Brazil Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD) - Historical Data
Total official international reserves of Brazil (Central Bank of Brazil), comprising monetary gold valued at year-end London market prices, convertible foreign exchange reserves, Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), and IMF reserve positions from 1960 to 2025. Latest reserve holdings stand at $358.51 billion USD (2025).
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Current Statistics & Historical Records
Latest Reading (2025)
$358.51B
Prev (2024): $329.73B+$28.78B
Highest Recorded (2018)
$374.71B
Peak foreign exchange and gold reserves held by Brazil.
Lowest Recorded (1967)
$0.20B
Lowest recorded official international reserve holdings for Brazil.
Long-Run Mean (1960–2025)
$107.79B
66 annual observations · Annual
Central Bank of Brazil · BRL
Brazil Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD) (1960-2025)
USD BillionsDrag to pan, scroll to zoom, or toggle between full archive (1960–2025) and recent annual observations.
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Source: World Bank Open Data & International Monetary Fund (IFS) (WB:FI.RES.TOTL.CD:BRA)
Latest: $358.51B (2025)
Brazil FX Reserves ($B) Averages by Decade
Decadal mean, peak, and trough across the 1960–2025 archive
| Decade | Years Covered | Decade Mean | Decade High (Year) | Decade Low (Year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960s | 1960–1969 | $0.39B | $0.66B (1969) | $0.20B (1967) |
| 1970s | 1970–1979 | $5.94B | $12.19B (1978) | $1.19B (1970) |
| 1980s | 1980–1989 | $8.16B | $11.96B (1984) | $4.00B (1982) |
| 1990s | 1990–1999 | $35.92B | $60.15B (1996) | $9.39B (1991) |
| 2000s | 2000–2009 | $96.12B | $238.54B (2009) | $33.02B (2000) |
| 2010s | 2010–2019 | $356.31B | $374.71B (2018) | $288.57B (2010) |
| 2020s | 2020–2025 | $347.62B | $362.21B (2021) | $324.67B (2022) |
Complete Annual Historical Ledger (1960–2025)
Unit: USD Billions · Source: World Bank Open Data & International Monetary Fund (IFS) (WB:FI.RES.TOTL.CD:BRA)
| Year | Annual Value (USD Billions) | Intra-Year Range (Min – Max) | Monetary Regime & Historical Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $358.51B | $358.51B – $358.51B | Post-tightening monetary recalibration across advanced and emerging central banks |
| 2024 | $329.73B | $329.73B – $329.73B | G10 policy rates peak and pivot toward gradual monetary normalization |
| 2023 | $355.02B | $355.02B – $355.02B | - |
| 2022 | $324.67B | $324.67B – $324.67B | Global inflation surge triggers fastest synchronized rate hiking cycle in four decades |
| 2021 | $362.21B | $362.21B – $362.21B | - |
| 2020 | $355.61B | $355.61B – $355.61B | COVID-19 pandemic emergency rate cuts and record balance sheet expansion |
| 2019 | $356.89B | $356.89B – $356.89B | - |
| 2018 | $374.71B | $374.71B – $374.71B | - |
| 2017 | $373.96B | $373.96B – $373.96B | - |
| 2016 | $364.98B | $364.98B – $364.98B | Bank of Japan introduces Yield Curve Control (YCC); post-Brexit BoE easing |
| 2015 | $356.46B | $356.46B – $356.46B | - |
| 2014 | $363.57B | $363.57B – $363.57B | ECB and European peers introduce Negative Interest Rate Policy (NIRP) |
| 2013 | $358.82B | $358.82B – $358.82B | - |
| 2012 | $373.16B | $373.16B – $373.16B | - |
| 2011 | $352.01B | $352.01B – $352.01B | European Sovereign Debt Crisis and Swiss franc safe-haven surge |
| 2010 | $288.57B | $288.57B – $288.57B | - |
| 2009 | $238.54B | $238.54B – $238.54B | - |
| 2008 | $193.78B | $193.78B – $193.78B | Global Financial Crisis drives major central banks to the zero lower bound and QE1 |
| 2007 | $180.33B | $180.33B – $180.33B | - |
| 2006 | $85.84B | $85.84B – $85.84B | - |
| 2005 | $53.80B | $53.80B – $53.80B | - |
| 2004 | $52.93B | $52.93B – $52.93B | - |
| 2003 | $49.30B | $49.30B – $49.30B | - |
| 2002 | $37.83B | $37.83B – $37.83B | - |
| 2001 | $35.87B | $35.87B – $35.87B | Dot-com bust and synchronized G10 monetary easing cycle |
| 2000 | $33.02B | $33.02B – $33.02B | - |
| 1999 | $36.34B | $36.34B – $36.34B | Launch of the Euro and establishment of the European Central Bank (ECB) |
| 1998 | $44.49B | $44.49B – $44.49B | - |
| 1997 | $52.21B | $52.21B – $52.21B | Asian Financial Crisis triggers emergency EM currency defense hikes |
| 1996 | $60.15B | $60.15B – $60.15B | - |
| 1995 | $51.84B | $51.84B – $51.84B | - |
| 1994 | $38.81B | $38.81B – $38.81B | Global bond market selloff and pre-emptive Federal Reserve tightening cycle |
| 1993 | $32.25B | $32.25B – $32.25B | - |
| 1992 | $23.75B | $23.75B – $23.75B | European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) crisis and Black Wednesday |
| 1991 | $9.39B | $9.39B – $9.39B | - |
| 1990 | $10.00B | $10.00B – $10.00B | German reunification tightening and Japanese asset bubble peak |
| 1989 | $9.68B | $9.68B – $9.68B | - |
| 1988 | $9.11B | $9.11B – $9.11B | - |
| 1987 | $8.13B | $8.13B – $8.13B | Louvre Accord and Black Monday central bank liquidity provision |
| 1986 | $8.18B | $8.18B – $8.18B | - |
| 1985 | $11.62B | $11.62B – $11.62B | Plaza Accord coordinated G5 currency intervention depreciates USD |
| 1984 | $11.96B | $11.96B – $11.96B | - |
| 1983 | $4.56B | $4.56B – $4.56B | - |
| 1982 | $4.00B | $4.00B – $4.00B | - |
| 1981 | $7.48B | $7.48B – $7.48B | Volcker disinflation peak pushes benchmark policy rates to postwar highs |
| 1980 | $6.88B | $6.88B – $6.88B | - |
| 1979 | $9.84B | $9.84B – $9.84B | Second oil shock; Paul Volcker appointed Federal Reserve Chair |
| 1978 | $12.19B | $12.19B – $12.19B | - |
| 1977 | $7.44B | $7.44B – $7.44B | - |
| 1976 | $6.67B | $6.67B – $6.67B | - |
| 1975 | $4.17B | $4.17B – $4.17B | - |
| 1974 | $5.46B | $5.46B – $5.46B | First OPEC oil shock triggers global stagflation and steep policy rate hikes |
| 1973 | $6.51B | $6.51B – $6.51B | - |
| 1972 | $4.22B | $4.22B – $4.22B | - |
| 1971 | $1.75B | $1.75B – $1.75B | Nixon Shock suspends USD gold convertibility; Bretton Woods system ends |
| 1970 | $1.19B | $1.19B – $1.19B | - |
| 1969 | $0.66B | $0.66B – $0.66B | - |
| 1968 | $0.27B | $0.27B – $0.27B | - |
| 1967 | $0.20B | $0.20B – $0.20B | - |
| 1966 | $0.43B | $0.43B – $0.43B | Credit crunch of 1966 and monetary tightening |
| 1965 | $0.48B | $0.48B – $0.48B | - |
| 1964 | $0.25B | $0.25B – $0.25B | - |
| 1963 | $0.36B | $0.36B – $0.36B | - |
| 1962 | $0.34B | $0.34B – $0.34B | - |
| 1961 | $0.47B | $0.47B – $0.47B | - |
| 1960 | $0.43B | $0.43B – $0.43B | - |
Frequently Asked Questions - Brazil FX Reserves ($B)
How much in foreign exchange and gold reserves does Brazil hold?
As of 2025, Brazil holds $358.51 billion USD in total international reserves (including monetary gold and foreign exchange).
Statistical Provenance
Source Metadata & Methodology Notes
- Primary Institution:
- World Bank Open Data & International Monetary Fund (IFS)
- Dataset / Dataflow:
- World Development Indicators: Total Reserves Including Gold (FI.RES.TOTL.CD)
- Canonical Series ID:
- WB:FI.RES.TOTL.CD:BRA
- Reuse & License:
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
- Holdings of monetary gold (valued at year-end London prices), Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), reserves of IMF members held by the IMF, and holdings of foreign exchange under the control of monetary authorities.
- Values are converted from current US dollars to billions of US dollars ($10^9$).
- Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) via World Bank Development Indicators.
Academic & Media Attribution
Cite This Dataset (APA & BibTeX)
APA 7th Edition
CentralBankData.com. (2025). Brazil Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD), compiled from World Bank & IMF International Financial Statistics (FI.RES.TOTL.CD, CC BY 4.0). https://centralbankdata.com/brazil-foreign-exchange-reserves
BibTeX
@misc{cbd_reserves_brazil,
author = {CentralBankData.com},
title = {Brazil Foreign Exchange and Gold Reserves},
note = {Compiled from World Bank and IMF IFS FI.RES.TOTL.CD (CC BY 4.0)},
year = {2025},
url = {https://centralbankdata.com/brazil-foreign-exchange-reserves}
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