BIS & World Bank Primary Sources
· 20 Monetary Authorities · 120 Primary Series · 1914-2026 Archive
Global Monetary Policy, Explained Through Primary Data.
An independent statistical reference archive of official central bank policy rates, ex-post real interest rates, consolidated balance sheet assets, monetary gold & foreign exchange reserves, and real effective exchange rates from 1914 to 2026.
Central Banks 20 G10 & Systemic EM
Time Horizon 112 Yrs 1914 to 2026
Primary Series 120 6 Indicator Groups
Provenance BIS & WB Open Statistical Feeds
Global Monetary Scoreboard
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20 Central Banks at a Glance
| Monetary Authority | CCY | Policy Rate | CPI (YoY) | Real Policy Rate | Balance Sheet ($B) | Assets (% GDP) | FX & Gold Reserves | REER (2020=100) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal Reserve United States · Target: 2.0% (PCE Price Index) | USD | 3.88% Sep 2026 | 3.40% | +0.48% | $6,738.2B | 21.2% | $1,385.5B | 107.1 |
| European Central Bank Euro Area · Target: 2.0% Medium-Term (HICP) | EUR | 2.50% Sep 2026 | 3.25% | -0.75% | $6,823.5B | 39.0% | $2,106.2B | 103.3 |
| Bank of Japan Japan · Target: 2.0% Price Stability Target | JPY | 1.25% Sep 2026 | 1.90% | -0.65% | $4,020.9B | 94.3% | $1,371.4B | 66.6 |
| Bank of England United Kingdom · Target: 2.0% (CPI 12-Month) | GBP | 3.75% Sep 2026 | 3.09% | +0.66% | $1,080.8B | 25.8% | $214.4B | 111.5 |
| Swiss National Bank Switzerland · Target: 0.0%-2.0% Price Stability Range | CHF | 0.00% Sep 2026 | 0.81% | -0.81% | $1,148.0B | 102.5% | $1,075.7B | 98.4 |
| Bank of Canada Canada · Target: 2.0% Midpoint (1.0%-3.0% Band) | CAD | 2.25% Sep 2026 | 3.03% | -0.78% | $166.4B | 7.0% | $125.6B | 95.6 |
| Reserve Bank of Australia Australia · Target: 2.0%-3.0% Medium-Term Band | AUD | 4.60% Sep 2026 | 3.94% | +0.66% | $251.0B | 12.9% | $72.6B | 116.1 |
| People's Bank of China China · Target: ~3.0% Annual CPI Ceiling | CNY | 3.00% Sep 2026 | 0.80% | +2.20% | $7,285.2B | 34.4% | $3,748.7B | 91.9 |
| Reserve Bank of India India · Target: 4.0% (±2.0% Tolerance Band) | INR | 5.25% Sep 2026 | 4.44% | +0.81% | $921.5B | 26.1% | $700.1B | 90.2 |
| Central Bank of Brazil Brazil · Target: 3.0% (±1.5% Tolerance Interval) | BRL | 13.75% Sep 2026 | 4.22% | +9.53% | $970.8B | 38.1% | $358.5B | 117.2 |
| Reserve Bank of New Zealand New Zealand · Target: 1.0%-3.0% Medium-Term Band (2.0% Midpoint) | NZD | 2.75% Sep 2026 | 4.06% | -1.31% | $42.9B | 17.6% | $28.2B | 100.2 |
| Sveriges Riksbank Sweden · Target: 2.0% CPIF Target | SEK | 1.75% Sep 2026 | 0.31% | +1.44% | $90.3B | 13.7% | $74.2B | 93.4 |
| Norges Bank Norway · Target: 2.0% Operational Target | NOK | 4.50% Sep 2026 | 3.29% | +1.21% | $98.9B | 16.8% | $85.5B | 103.2 |
| Danmarks Nationalbank Denmark · Target: Fixed Exchange Rate Policy (ERM II EUR Peg) | DKK | 2.10% Sep 2026 | 2.05% | +0.05% | $113.9B | 23.3% | $127.8B | 95.8 |
| Bank of Korea South Korea · Target: 2.0% CPI Target | KRW | 3.00% Sep 2026 | 2.79% | +0.21% | $399.2B | 21.3% | $436.6B | 92.7 |
| Bank of Mexico Mexico · Target: 3.0% (±1.0% Variability Interval) | MXN | 6.50% Sep 2026 | 3.26% | +3.24% | $293.6B | 14.7% | $256.2B | 140.3 |
| South African Reserve Bank South Africa · Target: 3.0%-6.0% Target Range (4.5% Midpoint) | ZAR | 7.25% Sep 2026 | 4.26% | +2.99% | $76.8B | 17.7% | $76.0B | 113.9 |
| National Bank of Poland Poland · Target: 2.5% (±1.0% Tolerance Band) | PLN | 3.75% Sep 2026 | 3.26% | +0.49% | $324.6B | 30.5% | $271.8B | 125.5 |
| Bank Indonesia Indonesia · Target: 2.5% (±1.0% Corridor) | IDR | 5.75% Sep 2026 | 3.19% | +2.56% | $274.2B | 19.1% | $156.5B | 87.8 |
| Central Bank of Chile Chile · Target: 3.0% Over Two-Year Horizon | CLP | 4.50% Sep 2026 | 4.13% | +0.37% | $57.5B | 15.1% | $49.5B | 98.9 |
Real Policy Rate = Nominal Policy Rate (% p.a.) minus Contemporaneous Headline CPI Inflation (% YoY). Sources: BIS (WS_CBPOL, WS_CBTA, WS_LONG_CPI, WS_EER) & World Bank / IMF IFS (FI.RES.TOTL.CD).
Long-Run Structural Series
Interactive historical time-series panels
Benchmark Monetary & Reserve Trajectories
Loading interactive monetary series chart...
Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS) & Federal Reserve System (WS_CBPOL:M:US)
Latest: 3.88% (Sep 2026)
· Real Rate: +0.48%
Loading interactive monetary series chart...
Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS) & European Central Bank (WS_CBPOL:M:XM)
Latest: 2.50% (Sep 2026)
· Real Rate: -0.75%
Loading interactive monetary series chart...
Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS) (WS_CBTA:M:US:B:XDC:USD:B)
Latest: $6,738.19B (Jul 2026)
People's Bank of China · CNY
China Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD) (1977-2025) →
USD Billions Loading interactive monetary series chart...
Source: World Bank Open Data & International Monetary Fund (IFS) (WB:FI.RES.TOTL.CD:CHN)
Latest: $3,748.74B (2025)
Thematic Architecture
Browse by Indicator (120 Series)
Policy Rates 20 Series
Central Bank Interest Rates
Official central bank benchmark interest rates, historical rate hike and easing cycles, and CPI-adjusted real policy rates across 20 monetary authorities.
- FED Policy Rate 3.88%
- ECB Policy Rate 2.50%
- BOJ Policy Rate 1.25%
- BOE Policy Rate 3.75%
Balance Sheets ($) 20 Series
Central Bank Balance Sheets (USD)
Consolidated central bank total assets converted into US dollars ($ billions), tracking quantitative easing (QE), quantitative tightening (QT), and liquidity operations.
- FED Balance Sheet ($B) $6,738.19B
- ECB Balance Sheet ($B) $6,823.52B
- BOJ Balance Sheet ($B) $4,020.94B
- BOE Balance Sheet ($B) $1,080.80B
Assets (% GDP) 20 Series
Central Bank Assets Share of GDP
Central bank total assets measured as a percentage of nominal domestic GDP, normalizing balance sheet footprint across advanced and emerging economies.
- FED Assets (% GDP) 21.24%
- ECB Assets (% GDP) 39.00%
- BOJ Assets (% GDP) 94.35%
- BOE Assets (% GDP) 25.78%
Inflation Rates 20 Series
Consumer Price Inflation Rates & Targets
Long-run year-on-year consumer price inflation (CPI) compared against official central bank inflation targets and tolerance bands.
- United States Inflation Rate 3.40%
- Euro Area Inflation Rate 3.25%
- Japan Inflation Rate 1.90%
- United Kingdom Inflation Rate 3.09%
FX & Gold Reserves 20 Series
Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves
Total international reserves including monetary gold, foreign exchange holdings, SDRs, and IMF reserve positions in current US dollars.
- United States FX Reserves ($B) $1,385.45B
- Euro Area FX Reserves ($B) $2,106.15B
- Japan FX Reserves ($B) $1,371.40B
- United Kingdom FX Reserves ($B) $214.36B
Effective FX (REER) 20 Series
Real Effective Exchange Rates (REER)
BIS trade-weighted Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) indices (2020 = 100), measuring inflation-adjusted multilateral currency valuation.
- USD REER Index 107.11
- EUR REER Index 103.27
- JPY REER Index 66.61
- GBP REER Index 111.48
Cross-Border Monetary Divergence
All 15 bilateral comparisons & custom spread tool →
Central Bank Policy Rate Spreads (Basis Points)
FED vs. ECB 1999–2026
Federal Reserve vs. ECB Interest Rate Differential
Current Spread +138 bps
FED: 3.88% · ECB: 2.50%
FED vs. BOJ 1954–2026
Federal Reserve vs. Bank of Japan Interest Rate Differential
Current Spread +263 bps
FED: 3.88% · BOJ: 1.25%
FED vs. BOE 1954–2026
Federal Reserve vs. Bank of England Interest Rate Differential
Current Spread +13 bps
FED: 3.88% · BOE: 3.75%
RBA vs. FED 1976–2026
RBA vs. Federal Reserve Cash Rate Differential
Current Spread +72 bps
RBA: 4.60% · FED: 3.88%
BOC vs. FED 1960–2026
Bank of Canada vs. Federal Reserve Interest Rate Spread
Current Spread -163 bps
BOC: 2.25% · FED: 3.88%
SNB vs. ECB 1999–2026
Swiss National Bank vs. ECB Interest Rate Differential
Current Spread -250 bps
SNB: 0.00% · ECB: 2.50%
Annual Chronology (1954–2026)
View complete 1954–2026 annual ledger →