PBOC · CNY•Est. 1948 · Beijing•Mandate Target: ~3.0% Annual CPI Ceiling
People's Bank of China (PBOC) - Monetary Ledger
Maintain the stability of the value of the currency and thereby promote economic growth. Explore all six canonical primary-source time series for China (Chinese Yuan Renminbi, CNY): policy rate history, CPI inflation vs. target, consolidated central bank assets in USD and % of GDP, international gold & FX reserves, and real effective exchange rates.
Six Canonical People's Bank of China Datasets
Central Bank Interest Rates1996–2026
China PBoC Benchmark Interest Rate (China)
Latest (Sep 2026)3.00%
Record High12.06% (1996)
Central Bank Balance Sheets (USD)1985–2026
People's Bank of China Balance Sheet Total Assets (USD)
Latest (Jun 2026)$7,285.17B
Record High$7,288.55B (2026)
Central Bank Assets Share of GDP1985–2026
People's Bank of China Balance Sheet Share of GDP (China)
Latest (2026 Q2)34.37%
Record High65.08% (2009)
Consumer Price Inflation Rates & Targets1979–2026
China Inflation Rate (CPI YoY %)
Latest (Aug 2026)0.80%
Record High24.13% (1994)
Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves1977–2025
China Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD)
Latest (2025)$3,748.74B
Record High$3,900.04B (2014)
Real Effective Exchange Rates (REER)1994–2026
Chinese Yuan Renminbi (CNY) Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER)
Latest (Sep 2026)91.91
Record High107.31 (2022)
People's Bank of China Policy Rate & Balance Sheet Trajectories
People's Bank of China · CNY
China PBoC Benchmark Interest Rate (China) (1996-2026)
% p.a.Drag to pan, scroll to zoom, or toggle between full archive (1996–2026) and recent monthly observations.
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Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS) & People's Bank of China (WS_CBPOL:M:CN)
Latest: 3.00% (Sep 2026)
· Real Rate: +2.20%
People's Bank of China · CNY
People's Bank of China Balance Sheet Total Assets (USD) (1985-2026)
USD BillionsDrag to pan, scroll to zoom, or toggle between full archive (1985–2026) and recent monthly observations.
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Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS) (WS_CBTA:M:CN:B:USD:_Z:B)
Latest: $7,285.17B (Jun 2026)
People's Bank of China Bilateral Rate Differentials
Consolidated Annual Monetary Ledger - People's Bank of China
Annual policy rate, headline CPI, ex-post real rate, balance sheet assets ($B & % GDP), reserves ($B), and REER index
| Year | Policy Rate | CPI (YoY) | Real Rate | Assets ($B USD) | Assets (% GDP) | Reserves ($B) | REER (2020=100) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 3.00% | 0.90% | +2.10% | $7,285.17B | 34.37% | - | 91.33 |
| 2025 | 3.00% | 0.05% | +2.95% | $6,878.87B | 34.37% | $3,748.74B | 88.56 |
| 2024 | 3.10% | 0.24% | +2.86% | $6,034.96B | 32.69% | $3,456.02B | 92.40 |
| 2023 | 3.45% | 0.24% | +3.21% | $6,431.40B | 35.30% | $3,449.54B | 94.61 |
| 2022 | 3.65% | 1.91% | +1.74% | $6,041.44B | 33.77% | $3,306.84B | 103.53 |
| 2021 | 3.80% | 0.85% | +2.95% | $6,229.20B | 33.75% | $3,427.93B | 103.02 |
| 2020 | 3.85% | 2.58% | +1.27% | $5,929.78B | 37.61% | $3,357.24B | 100.00 |
| 2019 | 4.15% | 3.03% | +1.12% | $5,331.22B | 36.95% | $3,222.89B | 98.25 |
| 2018 | 4.35% | 1.93% | +2.42% | $5,415.85B | 39.87% | $3,168.22B | 98.64 |
| 2017 | 4.35% | 1.52% | +2.83% | $5,577.16B | 42.91% | $3,235.68B | 97.40 |
| 2016 | 4.35% | 2.12% | +2.23% | $4,949.41B | 45.23% | $3,097.66B | 100.40 |
| 2015 | 4.35% | 1.54% | +2.81% | $4,900.71B | 45.29% | $3,405.25B | 104.30 |
| 2014 | 5.60% | 2.06% | +3.54% | $5,449.56B | 51.66% | $3,900.04B | 95.35 |
| 2013 | 6.00% | 2.57% | +3.43% | $5,240.79B | 52.67% | $3,880.37B | 93.17 |
| 2012 | 6.00% | 2.61% | +3.39% | $4,727.24B | 53.90% | $3,387.51B | 87.56 |
| 2011 | 6.56% | 5.56% | +1.00% | $4,456.01B | 56.82% | $3,254.67B | 82.59 |
| 2010 | 5.81% | 3.17% | +2.64% | $3,927.04B | 62.04% | $2,913.71B | 80.52 |
| 2009 | 5.31% | -0.72% | +6.03% | $3,332.86B | 64.39% | $2,452.90B | 81.18 |
| 2008 | 5.31% | 5.97% | -0.66% | $3,035.25B | 63.97% | $1,966.04B | 77.61 |
| 2007 | 7.47% | 4.82% | +2.65% | $2,315.68B | 61.90% | $1,546.36B | 71.45 |
| 2006 | 6.12% | 1.65% | +4.47% | $1,647.32B | 57.92% | $1,080.76B | 69.01 |
| 2005 | 5.58% | 1.76% | +3.82% | $1,284.68B | 54.71% | $831.41B | 68.10 |
| 2004 | 5.58% | 3.87% | +1.71% | $950.29B | 47.99% | $622.95B | 68.82 |
| 2003 | 5.31% | 1.08% | +4.23% | $749.11B | 44.55% | $416.20B | 71.00 |
| 2002 | 5.31% | -0.71% | +6.02% | $617.46B | 41.49% | $297.74B | 76.45 |
| 2001 | 5.85% | 0.73% | +5.12% | $516.33B | 38.12% | $220.06B | 78.47 |
| 2000 | 5.85% | 0.35% | +5.50% | $475.96B | 38.93% | $171.76B | 75.02 |
| 1999 | 5.85% | -1.40% | +7.25% | $426.96B | 38.73% | $161.41B | 74.69 |
| 1998 | 6.39% | -0.77% | +7.16% | $377.68B | 36.47% | $152.84B | 78.59 |
| 1997 | 8.64% | 2.81% | +5.83% | $378.02B | 39.23% | $146.45B | 74.21 |
| 1996 | 10.08% | 8.33% | +1.75% | $317.47B | 36.76% | $111.73B | 68.88 |
| 1995 | - | 17.08% | - | $247.37B | 33.64% | $80.29B | 62.27 |
| 1994 | - | 24.13% | - | $207.75B | 36.26% | $57.78B | 55.86 |
| 1993 | - | 14.70% | - | $235.20B | 38.47% | $27.35B | - |
| 1992 | - | 6.39% | - | $180.15B | 38.28% | $24.85B | - |
| 1991 | - | 3.42% | - | $168.97B | 42.39% | $48.17B | - |
| 1990 | - | 3.10% | - | $141.00B | 39.69% | $34.48B | - |
| 1989 | - | 17.99% | - | $123.95B | 34.53% | $23.05B | - |
| 1988 | - | 18.76% | - | $126.69B | 31.52% | $23.75B | - |
| 1987 | - | 7.31% | - | $105.09B | 32.60% | $22.45B | - |
| 1986 | - | 6.48% | - | $91.57B | 33.29% | $16.42B | - |
| 1985 | - | 9.34% | - | $87.08B | 31.05% | $16.88B | - |
| 1984 | - | 2.74% | - | - | - | $21.28B | - |
| 1983 | - | 2.01% | - | - | - | $19.83B | - |
| 1982 | - | 1.96% | - | - | - | $17.15B | - |
| 1981 | - | 2.47% | - | - | - | $10.11B | - |
| 1980 | - | 7.46% | - | - | - | $10.09B | - |
| 1979 | - | 1.90% | - | - | - | $8.71B | - |
| 1978 | - | - | - | - | - | $4.45B | - |
| 1977 | - | - | - | - | - | $4.46B | - |