BOE · GBP•Est. 1694 · London•Mandate Target: 2.0% (CPI 12-Month)
Bank of England (BOE) - Monetary Ledger
Maintain monetary and financial stability for the United Kingdom. Explore all six canonical primary-source time series for United Kingdom (Pound Sterling, GBP): policy rate history, CPI inflation vs. target, consolidated central bank assets in USD and % of GDP, international gold & FX reserves, and real effective exchange rates.
Six Canonical Bank of England Datasets
Central Bank Interest Rates1946–2026
Bank of England Official Base Rate (United Kingdom)
Latest (Sep 2026)3.75%
Record High17.00% (1979)
Central Bank Balance Sheets (USD)1953–2026
Bank of England Balance Sheet Total Assets (USD)
Latest (Jul 2026)$1,080.80B
Record High$1,509.29B (2021)
Central Bank Assets Share of GDP1955–2026
Bank of England Balance Sheet Share of GDP (United Kingdom)
Latest (2026 Q2)25.78%
Record High48.21% (2021)
Consumer Price Inflation Rates & Targets1914–2026
United Kingdom Inflation Rate (CPI YoY %)
Latest (Aug 2026)3.09%
Record High36.27% (1918)
Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves1960–2025
United Kingdom Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD)
Latest (2025)$214.36B
Record High$214.36B (2025)
Real Effective Exchange Rates (REER)1964–2026
Pound Sterling (GBP) Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER)
Latest (Sep 2026)111.48
Record High162.43 (1966)
Bank of England Policy Rate & Balance Sheet Trajectories
Bank of England · GBP
Bank of England Official Base Rate (United Kingdom) (1946-2026)
% p.a.Drag to pan, scroll to zoom, or toggle between full archive (1946–2026) and recent monthly observations.
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Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS) & Bank of England (WS_CBPOL:M:GB)
Latest: 3.75% (Sep 2026)
· Real Rate: +0.66%
Bank of England · GBP
Bank of England Balance Sheet Total Assets (USD) (1953-2026)
USD BillionsDrag to pan, scroll to zoom, or toggle between full archive (1953–2026) and recent monthly observations.
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Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS) (WS_CBTA:M:GB:B:USD:_Z:B)
Latest: $1,080.80B (Jul 2026)
Bank of England Bilateral Rate Differentials
Consolidated Annual Monetary Ledger - Bank of England
Annual policy rate, headline CPI, ex-post real rate, balance sheet assets ($B & % GDP), reserves ($B), and REER index
| Year | Policy Rate | CPI (YoY) | Real Rate | Assets ($B USD) | Assets (% GDP) | Reserves ($B) | REER (2020=100) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 3.75% | 2.94% | +0.81% | $1,080.80B | 25.78% | - | 111.48 |
| 2025 | 3.75% | 3.37% | +0.38% | $1,065.17B | 26.04% | $214.36B | 112.04 |
| 2024 | 4.75% | 2.55% | +2.20% | $1,051.30B | 28.98% | $174.60B | 110.31 |
| 2023 | 5.25% | 7.37% | -2.12% | $1,197.45B | 34.22% | $177.92B | 106.65 |
| 2022 | 3.50% | 9.03% | -5.53% | $1,308.41B | 42.16% | $176.41B | 103.28 |
| 2021 | 0.25% | 2.58% | -2.33% | $1,509.29B | 48.21% | $194.18B | 103.70 |
| 2020 | 0.10% | 0.89% | -0.79% | $1,227.31B | 42.32% | $180.05B | 100.00 |
| 2019 | 0.75% | 1.78% | -1.03% | $769.99B | 25.88% | $173.57B | 99.74 |
| 2018 | 0.75% | 2.48% | -1.73% | $756.73B | 27.22% | $172.66B | 100.03 |
| 2017 | 0.50% | 2.69% | -2.19% | $766.49B | 27.04% | $150.86B | 98.28 |
| 2016 | 0.25% | 0.64% | -0.39% | $584.16B | 23.67% | $134.93B | 103.50 |
| 2015 | 0.50% | 0.05% | +0.45% | $600.11B | 20.98% | $148.11B | 115.42 |
| 2014 | 0.50% | 1.47% | -0.97% | $611.37B | 20.92% | $124.49B | 110.51 |
| 2013 | 0.50% | 2.57% | -2.07% | $643.76B | 21.75% | $118.75B | 103.33 |
| 2012 | 0.50% | 2.80% | -2.30% | $642.04B | 23.07% | $117.16B | 104.76 |
| 2011 | 0.50% | 4.46% | -3.96% | $435.08B | 16.82% | $109.73B | 100.70 |
| 2010 | 0.50% | 3.30% | -2.80% | $370.91B | 14.79% | $98.03B | 100.23 |
| 2009 | 0.50% | 2.19% | -1.69% | $373.11B | 14.75% | $79.45B | 99.74 |
| 2008 | 2.00% | 3.59% | -1.59% | $337.20B | 14.40% | $64.79B | 110.48 |
| 2007 | 5.50% | 2.32% | +3.18% | $198.61B | 6.38% | $77.72B | 127.30 |
| 2006 | 5.00% | 2.35% | +2.65% | $162.45B | 5.60% | $63.82B | 125.40 |
| 2005 | 4.50% | 2.04% | +2.46% | $109.51B | 4.53% | $59.14B | 125.08 |
| 2004 | 4.75% | 1.34% | +3.41% | $111.25B | 4.34% | $62.14B | 127.86 |
| 2003 | 3.75% | 1.38% | +2.37% | $93.77B | 4.14% | $56.35B | 123.23 |
| 2002 | 4.00% | 1.24% | +2.76% | $75.82B | 3.94% | $54.96B | 128.71 |
| 2001 | 4.00% | 1.24% | +2.76% | $62.55B | 3.75% | $47.42B | 128.16 |
| 2000 | 6.00% | 0.80% | +5.20% | $59.26B | 3.60% | $50.94B | 131.15 |
| 1999 | 5.50% | 1.35% | +4.15% | $65.81B | 3.89% | $46.19B | 131.07 |
| 1998 | 6.25% | 1.56% | +4.69% | $43.61B | 2.63% | $38.83B | 131.45 |
| 1997 | 7.25% | 1.82% | +5.43% | $46.34B | 2.92% | $37.66B | 124.64 |
| 1996 | 5.94% | 2.43% | +3.51% | $45.39B | 2.92% | $46.70B | 109.20 |
| 1995 | 6.38% | 2.61% | +3.77% | $40.70B | 3.07% | $49.14B | 107.32 |
| 1994 | 6.12% | 1.99% | +4.13% | $36.32B | 2.86% | $48.08B | 112.26 |
| 1993 | 5.38% | 2.55% | +2.83% | $43.73B | 3.83% | $43.98B | 107.24 |
| 1992 | 6.88% | 4.27% | +2.61% | $35.27B | 3.17% | $42.84B | 118.58 |
| 1991 | 10.38% | 7.54% | +2.84% | $42.82B | 3.23% | $48.57B | 121.98 |
| 1990 | 13.88% | 6.94% | +6.94% | $47.99B | 3.70% | $43.15B | 118.03 |
| 1989 | 14.88% | 5.25% | +9.63% | $33.67B | 3.39% | $42.38B | 116.68 |
| 1988 | 12.88% | 3.75% | +9.13% | $33.91B | 3.37% | $51.90B | 119.20 |
| 1987 | 8.38% | 3.21% | +5.17% | $32.00B | 3.43% | $50.92B | 112.68 |
| 1986 | 10.88% | 3.33% | +7.55% | $23.09B | 3.49% | $25.85B | 114.27 |
| 1985 | 11.38% | 4.92% | +6.46% | $22.19B | 3.70% | $19.08B | 122.69 |
| 1984 | 9.50% | 4.26% | +5.24% | $18.09B | 4.11% | $15.31B | 122.93 |
| 1983 | 9.06% | 4.95% | +4.11% | $20.82B | 4.08% | $18.59B | 130.39 |
| 1982 | 10.00% | 8.16% | +1.84% | $23.09B | 4.48% | $21.08B | 142.58 |
| 1981 | 14.38% | 11.82% | +2.56% | $25.76B | 4.61% | $22.80B | 149.28 |
| 1980 | 14.00% | 15.23% | -1.23% | $28.07B | 4.52% | $31.76B | 146.79 |
| 1979 | 17.00% | 11.32% | +5.68% | $27.41B | 5.55% | $29.08B | 130.47 |
| 1978 | 12.50% | 7.49% | +5.01% | $23.14B | 6.06% | $21.18B | 120.86 |
| 1977 | 7.00% | 14.99% | -7.99% | $19.52B | 6.36% | $23.78B | 121.56 |
| 1976 | 14.25% | 15.84% | -1.59% | $16.70B | 7.07% | $6.21B | 122.13 |
| 1975 | 11.25% | 22.62% | -11.37% | $16.05B | 6.84% | $7.55B | 132.19 |
| 1974 | 11.50% | 15.68% | -4.18% | $17.18B | 7.83% | $9.96B | 129.87 |
| 1973 | 13.00% | 9.32% | +3.68% | $16.08B | 8.45% | $7.95B | 131.03 |
| 1972 | 9.00% | 7.20% | +1.80% | $11.95B | 7.22% | $6.21B | 144.04 |
| 1971 | 5.00% | 9.41% | -4.41% | $10.98B | 6.83% | $8.96B | 147.37 |
| 1970 | 7.00% | 6.51% | +0.49% | $10.38B | 7.76% | $2.92B | 142.04 |
| 1969 | 8.00% | 5.20% | +2.80% | $9.44B | 7.93% | $2.54B | 141.38 |
| 1968 | 7.00% | 4.00% | +3.00% | $9.36B | 8.55% | $2.71B | 139.58 |
| 1967 | 8.00% | 2.25% | +5.75% | $9.00B | 8.96% | $2.70B | 157.11 |
| 1966 | 7.00% | 4.00% | +3.00% | $9.81B | 8.93% | $3.11B | 161.37 |
| 1965 | 6.00% | 4.26% | +1.74% | $9.25B | 8.98% | $3.01B | 160.93 |
| 1964 | 7.00% | 3.23% | +3.77% | $8.41B | 8.88% | $2.32B | 159.91 |
| 1963 | 4.00% | 2.12% | +1.88% | $7.86B | 9.05% | $3.15B | - |
| 1962 | 4.50% | 4.21% | +0.29% | $7.55B | 9.21% | $3.31B | - |
| 1961 | 6.00% | 3.25% | +2.75% | $8.21B | 10.47% | $3.33B | - |
| 1960 | 5.00% | 0.80% | +4.20% | $7.73B | 10.56% | $3.77B | - |
| 1959 | 4.00% | 0.61% | +3.39% | $7.01B | 10.26% | - | - |
| 1958 | 4.00% | 2.89% | +1.11% | $6.66B | 10.22% | - | - |
| 1957 | 7.00% | 3.85% | +3.15% | $6.60B | 10.65% | - | - |
| 1956 | 5.50% | 5.20% | +0.30% | $6.22B | 10.70% | - | - |
| 1955 | 4.50% | 5.07% | -0.57% | $6.03B | 11.34% | - | - |
| 1954 | 3.00% | 2.29% | +0.71% | $5.79B | - | - | - |
| 1953 | 3.50% | 3.65% | -0.15% | $5.44B | - | - | - |
| 1952 | 4.00% | 10.74% | -6.74% | - | - | - | - |
| 1951 | 2.50% | 9.03% | -6.53% | - | - | - | - |
| 1950 | 2.00% | 3.94% | -1.94% | - | - | - | - |
| 1949 | 2.00% | 2.79% | -0.79% | - | - | - | - |
| 1948 | 2.00% | 7.75% | -5.75% | - | - | - | - |
| 1947 | 2.00% | 6.99% | -4.99% | - | - | - | - |
| 1946 | 2.00% | 3.09% | -1.09% | - | - | - | - |
| 1945 | - | 2.79% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1944 | - | 2.71% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1943 | - | 3.42% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1942 | - | 7.10% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1941 | - | 10.90% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1940 | - | 16.91% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1939 | - | 2.83% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1938 | - | 1.65% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1937 | - | 3.39% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1936 | - | 0.72% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1935 | - | 0.70% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1934 | - | 0.00% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1933 | - | -2.08% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1932 | - | -2.61% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1931 | - | -4.28% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1930 | - | -2.78% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1929 | - | -0.88% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1928 | - | -0.30% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1927 | - | -2.34% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1926 | - | -0.80% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1925 | - | 0.34% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1924 | - | -0.70% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1923 | - | -5.96% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1922 | - | -13.62% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1921 | - | -7.54% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1920 | - | 15.39% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1919 | - | 10.99% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1918 | - | 21.82% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1917 | - | 25.56% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1916 | - | 18.08% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1915 | - | 12.50% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1914 | - | 2.55% | - | - | - | - | - |