Canada Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD) - Historical Data
Total official international reserves of Canada (Bank of Canada), comprising monetary gold valued at year-end London market prices, convertible foreign exchange reserves, Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), and IMF reserve positions from 1960 to 2025. Latest reserve holdings stand at $125.63 billion USD (2025).
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Current Statistics & Historical Records
Latest Reading (2025)
$125.63B
Prev (2024): $119.78B+$5.85B
Highest Recorded (2025)
$125.63B
Peak foreign exchange and gold reserves held by Canada.
Lowest Recorded (1960)
$2.01B
Lowest recorded official international reserve holdings for Canada.
Long-Run Mean (1960–2025)
$34.08B
66 annual observations · Annual
Bank of Canada · CAD
Canada Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD) (1960-2025)
USD BillionsDrag to pan, scroll to zoom, or toggle between full archive (1960–2025) and recent annual observations.
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Source: World Bank Open Data & International Monetary Fund (IFS) (WB:FI.RES.TOTL.CD:CAN)
Latest: $125.63B (2025)
Canada FX Reserves ($B) Averages by Decade
Decadal mean, peak, and trough across the 1960–2025 archive
| Decade | Years Covered | Decade Mean | Decade High (Year) | Decade Low (Year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960s | 1960–1969 | $2.72B | $3.22B (1968) | $2.01B (1960) |
| 1970s | 1970–1979 | $7.89B | $14.22B (1979) | $4.73B (1970) |
| 1980s | 1980–1989 | $14.05B | $22.51B (1989) | $8.70B (1984) |
| 1990s | 1990–1999 | $19.71B | $28.65B (1999) | $13.77B (1994) |
| 2000s | 2000–2009 | $38.20B | $54.36B (2009) | $32.43B (2000) |
| 2010s | 2010–2019 | $75.65B | $86.68B (2017) | $57.15B (2010) |
| 2020s | 2020–2025 | $111.16B | $125.63B (2025) | $90.43B (2020) |
Complete Annual Historical Ledger (1960–2025)
Unit: USD Billions · Source: World Bank Open Data & International Monetary Fund (IFS) (WB:FI.RES.TOTL.CD:CAN)
| Year | Annual Value (USD Billions) | Intra-Year Range (Min – Max) | Monetary Regime & Historical Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $125.63B | $125.63B – $125.63B | Post-tightening monetary recalibration across advanced and emerging central banks |
| 2024 | $119.78B | $119.78B – $119.78B | G10 policy rates peak and pivot toward gradual monetary normalization |
| 2023 | $117.55B | $117.55B – $117.55B | - |
| 2022 | $106.95B | $106.95B – $106.95B | Global inflation surge triggers fastest synchronized rate hiking cycle in four decades |
| 2021 | $106.62B | $106.62B – $106.62B | - |
| 2020 | $90.43B | $90.43B – $90.43B | COVID-19 pandemic emergency rate cuts and record balance sheet expansion |
| 2019 | $85.30B | $85.30B – $85.30B | - |
| 2018 | $83.93B | $83.93B – $83.93B | - |
| 2017 | $86.68B | $86.68B – $86.68B | - |
| 2016 | $82.72B | $82.72B – $82.72B | Bank of Japan introduces Yield Curve Control (YCC); post-Brexit BoE easing |
| 2015 | $79.75B | $79.75B – $79.75B | - |
| 2014 | $74.70B | $74.70B – $74.70B | ECB and European peers introduce Negative Interest Rate Policy (NIRP) |
| 2013 | $71.94B | $71.94B – $71.94B | - |
| 2012 | $68.55B | $68.55B – $68.55B | - |
| 2011 | $65.82B | $65.82B – $65.82B | European Sovereign Debt Crisis and Swiss franc safe-haven surge |
| 2010 | $57.15B | $57.15B – $57.15B | - |
| 2009 | $54.36B | $54.36B – $54.36B | - |
| 2008 | $43.87B | $43.87B – $43.87B | Global Financial Crisis drives major central banks to the zero lower bound and QE1 |
| 2007 | $41.08B | $41.08B – $41.08B | - |
| 2006 | $35.06B | $35.06B – $35.06B | - |
| 2005 | $33.02B | $33.02B – $33.02B | - |
| 2004 | $34.48B | $34.48B – $34.48B | - |
| 2003 | $36.27B | $36.27B – $36.27B | - |
| 2002 | $37.19B | $37.19B – $37.19B | - |
| 2001 | $34.25B | $34.25B – $34.25B | Dot-com bust and synchronized G10 monetary easing cycle |
| 2000 | $32.43B | $32.43B – $32.43B | - |
| 1999 | $28.65B | $28.65B – $28.65B | Launch of the Euro and establishment of the European Central Bank (ECB) |
| 1998 | $24.02B | $24.02B – $24.02B | - |
| 1997 | $18.72B | $18.72B – $18.72B | Asian Financial Crisis triggers emergency EM currency defense hikes |
| 1996 | $21.56B | $21.56B – $21.56B | - |
| 1995 | $16.37B | $16.37B – $16.37B | - |
| 1994 | $13.77B | $13.77B – $13.77B | Global bond market selloff and pre-emptive Federal Reserve tightening cycle |
| 1993 | $14.85B | $14.85B – $14.85B | - |
| 1992 | $14.74B | $14.74B – $14.74B | European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) crisis and Black Wednesday |
| 1991 | $20.84B | $20.84B – $20.84B | - |
| 1990 | $23.53B | $23.53B – $23.53B | German reunification tightening and Japanese asset bubble peak |
| 1989 | $22.51B | $22.51B – $22.51B | - |
| 1988 | $22.42B | $22.42B – $22.42B | - |
| 1987 | $16.24B | $16.24B – $16.24B | Louvre Accord and Black Monday central bank liquidity provision |
| 1986 | $10.96B | $10.96B – $10.96B | - |
| 1985 | $9.08B | $9.08B – $9.08B | Plaza Accord coordinated G5 currency intervention depreciates USD |
| 1984 | $8.70B | $8.70B – $8.70B | - |
| 1983 | $11.16B | $11.16B – $11.16B | - |
| 1982 | $12.27B | $12.27B – $12.27B | - |
| 1981 | $11.67B | $11.67B – $11.67B | Volcker disinflation peak pushes benchmark policy rates to postwar highs |
| 1980 | $15.46B | $15.46B – $15.46B | - |
| 1979 | $14.22B | $14.22B – $14.22B | Second oil shock; Paul Volcker appointed Federal Reserve Chair |
| 1978 | $8.56B | $8.56B – $8.56B | - |
| 1977 | $7.30B | $7.30B – $7.30B | - |
| 1976 | $7.88B | $7.88B – $7.88B | - |
| 1975 | $7.50B | $7.50B – $7.50B | - |
| 1974 | $8.98B | $8.98B – $8.98B | First OPEC oil shock triggers global stagflation and steep policy rate hikes |
| 1973 | $7.31B | $7.31B – $7.31B | - |
| 1972 | $6.64B | $6.64B – $6.64B | - |
| 1971 | $5.83B | $5.83B – $5.83B | Nixon Shock suspends USD gold convertibility; Bretton Woods system ends |
| 1970 | $4.73B | $4.73B – $4.73B | - |
| 1969 | $3.11B | $3.11B – $3.11B | - |
| 1968 | $3.22B | $3.22B – $3.22B | - |
| 1967 | $2.72B | $2.72B – $2.72B | - |
| 1966 | $2.71B | $2.71B – $2.71B | Credit crunch of 1966 and monetary tightening |
| 1965 | $3.04B | $3.04B – $3.04B | - |
| 1964 | $2.89B | $2.89B – $2.89B | - |
| 1963 | $2.62B | $2.62B – $2.62B | - |
| 1962 | $2.56B | $2.56B – $2.56B | - |
| 1961 | $2.30B | $2.30B – $2.30B | - |
| 1960 | $2.01B | $2.01B – $2.01B | - |
Frequently Asked Questions - Canada FX Reserves ($B)
How much in foreign exchange and gold reserves does Canada hold?
As of 2025, Canada holds $125.63 billion USD in total international reserves (including monetary gold and foreign exchange).
Statistical Provenance
Source Metadata & Methodology Notes
- Primary Institution:
- World Bank Open Data & International Monetary Fund (IFS)
- Dataset / Dataflow:
- World Development Indicators: Total Reserves Including Gold (FI.RES.TOTL.CD)
- Canonical Series ID:
- WB:FI.RES.TOTL.CD:CAN
- Reuse & License:
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
- Holdings of monetary gold (valued at year-end London prices), Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), reserves of IMF members held by the IMF, and holdings of foreign exchange under the control of monetary authorities.
- Values are converted from current US dollars to billions of US dollars ($10^9$).
- Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) via World Bank Development Indicators.
Academic & Media Attribution
Cite This Dataset (APA & BibTeX)
APA 7th Edition
CentralBankData.com. (2025). Canada Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD), compiled from World Bank & IMF International Financial Statistics (FI.RES.TOTL.CD, CC BY 4.0). https://centralbankdata.com/canada-foreign-exchange-reserves
BibTeX
@misc{cbd_reserves_canada,
author = {CentralBankData.com},
title = {Canada Foreign Exchange and Gold Reserves},
note = {Compiled from World Bank and IMF IFS FI.RES.TOTL.CD (CC BY 4.0)},
year = {2025},
url = {https://centralbankdata.com/canada-foreign-exchange-reserves}
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