BOC · CAD•Est. 1934 · Ottawa•Mandate Target: 2.0% Midpoint (1.0%-3.0% Band)
Bank of Canada (BOC) - Monetary Ledger
Preserve the value of money by keeping inflation low, stable, and predictable. Explore all six canonical primary-source time series for Canada (Canadian Dollar, CAD): policy rate history, CPI inflation vs. target, consolidated central bank assets in USD and % of GDP, international gold & FX reserves, and real effective exchange rates.
Six Canonical Bank of Canada Datasets
Central Bank Interest Rates1960–2026
Bank of Canada Target Overnight Rate (Canada)
Latest (Sep 2026)2.25%
Record High21.07% (1981)
Central Bank Balance Sheets (USD)1945–2026
Bank of Canada Balance Sheet Total Assets (USD)
Latest (Jul 2026)$166.40B
Record High$455.78B (2021)
Central Bank Assets Share of GDP1955–2026
Bank of Canada Balance Sheet Share of GDP (Canada)
Latest (2026 Q1)6.99%
Record High24.67% (2020)
Consumer Price Inflation Rates & Targets1915–2026
Canada Inflation Rate (CPI YoY %)
Latest (Aug 2026)3.03%
Record High21.65% (1920)
Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves1960–2025
Canada Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD)
Latest (2025)$125.63B
Record High$125.63B (2025)
Real Effective Exchange Rates (REER)1964–2026
Canadian Dollar (CAD) Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER)
Latest (Sep 2026)95.59
Record High141.86 (1976)
Bank of Canada Policy Rate & Balance Sheet Trajectories
Bank of Canada · CAD
Bank of Canada Target Overnight Rate (Canada) (1960-2026)
% p.a.Drag to pan, scroll to zoom, or toggle between full archive (1960–2026) and recent monthly observations.
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Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS) & Bank of Canada (WS_CBPOL:M:CA)
Latest: 2.25% (Sep 2026)
· Real Rate: -0.78%
Bank of Canada · CAD
Bank of Canada Balance Sheet Total Assets (USD) (1945-2026)
USD BillionsDrag to pan, scroll to zoom, or toggle between full archive (1945–2026) and recent monthly observations.
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Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS) (WS_CBTA:M:CA:B:USD:_Z:B)
Latest: $166.40B (Jul 2026)
Bank of Canada Bilateral Rate Differentials
Consolidated Annual Monetary Ledger - Bank of Canada
Annual policy rate, headline CPI, ex-post real rate, balance sheet assets ($B & % GDP), reserves ($B), and REER index
| Year | Policy Rate | CPI (YoY) | Real Rate | Assets ($B USD) | Assets (% GDP) | Reserves ($B) | REER (2020=100) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 2.25% | 2.67% | -0.42% | $166.40B | 6.99% | - | 96.77 |
| 2025 | 2.25% | 2.07% | +0.18% | $175.67B | 7.41% | $125.63B | 97.49 |
| 2024 | 3.25% | 2.39% | +0.86% | $192.69B | 8.92% | $119.78B | 100.17 |
| 2023 | 5.00% | 3.90% | +1.10% | $239.06B | 10.68% | $117.55B | 101.07 |
| 2022 | 4.25% | 6.80% | -2.55% | $303.37B | 14.34% | $106.95B | 104.44 |
| 2021 | 0.25% | 3.39% | -3.14% | $392.96B | 19.69% | $106.62B | 104.67 |
| 2020 | 0.25% | 0.72% | -0.47% | $430.02B | 24.67% | $90.43B | 100.00 |
| 2019 | 1.75% | 1.95% | -0.20% | $92.07B | 5.17% | $85.30B | 101.27 |
| 2018 | 1.75% | 2.27% | -0.52% | $85.15B | 5.19% | $83.93B | 102.12 |
| 2017 | 1.00% | 1.60% | -0.60% | $88.60B | 5.19% | $86.68B | 102.79 |
| 2016 | 0.50% | 1.43% | -0.93% | $78.83B | 5.24% | $82.72B | 101.19 |
| 2015 | 0.50% | 1.12% | -0.62% | $72.85B | 5.08% | $79.75B | 103.05 |
| 2014 | 1.00% | 1.91% | -0.91% | $81.25B | 4.72% | $74.70B | 113.36 |
| 2013 | 1.00% | 0.94% | +0.06% | $85.83B | 4.80% | $71.94B | 120.48 |
| 2012 | 1.00% | 1.52% | -0.52% | $78.14B | 4.26% | $68.55B | 125.04 |
| 2011 | 1.00% | 2.91% | -1.91% | $62.91B | 3.62% | $65.82B | 125.91 |
| 2010 | 1.00% | 1.78% | -0.78% | $61.07B | 3.65% | $57.15B | 123.96 |
| 2009 | 0.25% | 0.31% | -0.06% | $67.95B | 4.54% | $54.36B | 113.57 |
| 2008 | 1.50% | 2.37% | -0.87% | $64.34B | 4.74% | $43.87B | 119.19 |
| 2007 | 4.25% | 2.14% | +2.11% | $54.91B | 3.42% | $41.08B | 122.47 |
| 2006 | 4.25% | 2.01% | +2.24% | $44.49B | 3.45% | $35.06B | 118.65 |
| 2005 | 3.25% | 2.22% | +1.03% | $41.53B | 3.40% | $33.02B | 112.44 |
| 2004 | 2.50% | 1.86% | +0.64% | $38.77B | 3.50% | $34.48B | 106.07 |
| 2003 | 2.75% | 2.77% | -0.02% | $34.32B | 3.52% | $36.27B | 100.96 |
| 2002 | 2.75% | 2.26% | +0.49% | $27.85B | 3.68% | $37.19B | 91.40 |
| 2001 | 2.25% | 2.53% | -0.28% | $26.17B | 3.65% | $34.25B | 92.25 |
| 2000 | 5.75% | 2.72% | +3.03% | $26.35B | 3.58% | $32.43B | 94.68 |
| 1999 | 4.75% | 1.73% | +3.02% | $29.61B | 4.27% | $28.65B | 93.89 |
| 1998 | 5.00% | 1.00% | +4.00% | $21.84B | 3.59% | $24.02B | 94.86 |
| 1997 | 4.25% | 1.62% | +2.63% | $22.15B | 3.50% | $18.72B | 99.84 |
| 1996 | 3.00% | 1.57% | +1.43% | $22.32B | 3.56% | $21.56B | 100.25 |
| 1995 | 5.78% | 2.15% | +3.63% | $22.17B | 3.63% | $16.37B | 99.96 |
| 1994 | 5.69% | 0.17% | +5.52% | $21.40B | 3.79% | $13.77B | 102.42 |
| 1993 | 4.11% | 1.86% | +2.25% | $21.86B | 3.89% | $14.85B | 108.16 |
| 1992 | 7.36% | 1.49% | +5.87% | $21.63B | 3.82% | $14.74B | 116.12 |
| 1991 | 7.67% | 5.64% | +2.03% | $23.39B | 3.85% | $20.84B | 125.67 |
| 1990 | 11.72% | 4.78% | +6.94% | $21.79B | 3.63% | $23.53B | 122.41 |
| 1989 | 12.47% | 4.98% | +7.49% | $21.39B | 3.69% | $22.51B | 122.63 |
| 1988 | 11.19% | 4.03% | +7.16% | $20.39B | 3.88% | $22.42B | 116.27 |
| 1987 | 8.66% | 4.36% | +4.30% | $17.68B | 4.01% | $16.24B | 109.93 |
| 1986 | 8.49% | 4.20% | +4.29% | $15.17B | 3.98% | $10.96B | 107.52 |
| 1985 | 9.49% | 3.96% | +5.53% | $15.12B | 4.23% | $9.08B | 113.23 |
| 1984 | 10.09% | 4.32% | +5.77% | $14.34B | 4.10% | $8.70B | 118.06 |
| 1983 | 9.96% | 5.89% | +4.07% | $16.61B | 4.91% | $11.16B | 122.42 |
| 1982 | 10.05% | 10.79% | -0.74% | $15.76B | 5.00% | $12.27B | 117.74 |
| 1981 | 14.66% | 12.47% | +2.19% | $16.15B | 5.20% | $11.67B | 112.24 |
| 1980 | 17.26% | 10.12% | +7.14% | $14.54B | 5.36% | $15.46B | 110.18 |
| 1979 | 14.00% | 9.14% | +4.86% | $13.45B | 5.47% | $14.22B | 112.85 |
| 1978 | 10.75% | 8.97% | +1.78% | $12.77B | 5.99% | $8.56B | 118.17 |
| 1977 | 7.50% | 7.96% | -0.46% | $12.26B | 5.89% | $7.30B | 129.40 |
| 1976 | 8.50% | 7.59% | +0.91% | $11.72B | 5.75% | $7.88B | 139.54 |
| 1975 | 9.00% | 10.69% | -1.69% | $10.33B | 5.90% | $7.50B | 132.14 |
| 1974 | 8.75% | 10.97% | -2.22% | $9.26B | 5.81% | $8.98B | 136.52 |
| 1973 | 7.25% | 7.47% | -0.22% | $8.03B | 6.02% | $7.31B | 135.06 |
| 1972 | 4.75% | 4.99% | -0.24% | $7.09B | 6.22% | $6.64B | 138.82 |
| 1971 | 4.75% | 2.70% | +2.05% | $6.00B | 5.92% | $5.83B | 137.26 |
| 1970 | 6.00% | 3.36% | +2.64% | $5.35B | 5.80% | $4.73B | 136.09 |
| 1969 | 8.00% | 4.56% | +3.44% | $4.56B | 5.66% | $3.11B | 135.31 |
| 1968 | 6.50% | 4.06% | +2.44% | $4.32B | 5.91% | $3.22B | 136.00 |
| 1967 | 6.00% | 3.58% | +2.42% | $4.08B | 6.14% | $2.72B | 135.45 |
| 1966 | 5.25% | 3.81% | +1.44% | $3.88B | 6.31% | $2.71B | 134.92 |
| 1965 | 4.75% | 2.33% | +2.42% | $3.68B | 6.64% | $3.04B | 134.20 |
| 1964 | 4.25% | 1.92% | +2.33% | $3.39B | 6.75% | $2.89B | 133.75 |
| 1963 | 4.00% | 1.63% | +2.37% | $3.19B | 7.00% | $2.62B | - |
| 1962 | 4.00% | 1.06% | +2.94% | $3.00B | 7.06% | $2.56B | - |
| 1961 | 3.24% | 1.02% | +2.22% | $3.11B | 7.72% | $2.30B | - |
| 1960 | 3.50% | 1.36% | +2.14% | $3.06B | 7.50% | $2.01B | - |
| 1959 | - | 1.21% | - | $3.12B | 7.62% | - | - |
| 1958 | - | 2.37% | - | $3.05B | 8.02% | - | - |
| 1957 | - | 3.32% | - | $2.70B | 7.50% | - | - |
| 1956 | - | 1.35% | - | $2.65B | 7.53% | - | - |
| 1955 | - | 0.18% | - | $2.62B | 8.71% | - | - |
| 1954 | - | 0.66% | - | $2.48B | - | - | - |
| 1953 | - | -1.00% | - | $2.50B | - | - | - |
| 1952 | - | 2.70% | - | $2.45B | - | - | - |
| 1951 | - | 10.54% | - | $2.40B | - | - | - |
| 1950 | - | 2.66% | - | $2.22B | - | - | - |
| 1949 | - | 3.53% | - | $2.13B | - | - | - |
| 1948 | - | 14.36% | - | $2.06B | - | - | - |
| 1947 | - | 8.96% | - | $1.93B | - | - | - |
| 1946 | - | 3.09% | - | $1.95B | - | - | - |
| 1945 | - | 0.64% | - | $2.23B | - | - | - |
| 1944 | - | 0.68% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1943 | - | 2.16% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1942 | - | 4.69% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1941 | - | 5.94% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1940 | - | 4.25% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1939 | - | -0.74% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1938 | - | 0.57% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1937 | - | 3.60% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1936 | - | 2.07% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1935 | - | 0.47% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1934 | - | 1.18% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1933 | - | -4.32% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1932 | - | -9.37% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1931 | - | -9.87% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1930 | - | -0.98% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1929 | - | 1.01% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1928 | - | 0.74% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1927 | - | -1.45% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1926 | - | 0.74% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1925 | - | 1.21% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1924 | - | -1.90% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1923 | - | 0.01% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1922 | - | -7.64% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1921 | - | -11.91% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1920 | - | 16.35% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1919 | - | 9.58% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1918 | - | 13.11% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1917 | - | 17.98% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1916 | - | 8.95% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1915 | - | 2.09% | - | - | - | - | - |