BOJ · JPY•Est. 1882 · Tokyo•Mandate Target: 2.0% Price Stability Target
Bank of Japan (BOJ) - Monetary Ledger
Achieving price stability to ensure the soundness of the national economy. Explore all six canonical primary-source time series for Japan (Japanese Yen, JPY): policy rate history, CPI inflation vs. target, consolidated central bank assets in USD and % of GDP, international gold & FX reserves, and real effective exchange rates.
Six Canonical Bank of Japan Datasets
Central Bank Interest Rates1946–2026
Bank of Japan Policy Interest Rate (Japan)
Latest (Sep 2026)1.25%
Record High9.00% (1973)
Central Bank Balance Sheets (USD)1957–2026
Bank of Japan Balance Sheet Total Assets (USD)
Latest (Jul 2026)$4,020.94B
Record High$6,815.86B (2020)
Central Bank Assets Share of GDP1955–2026
Bank of Japan Balance Sheet Share of GDP (Japan)
Latest (2026 Q2)94.35%
Record High128.91% (2021)
Consumer Price Inflation Rates & Targets1947–2026
Japan Inflation Rate (CPI YoY %)
Latest (Jul 2026)1.90%
Record High193.83% (1947)
Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves1960–2025
Japan Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD)
Latest (2025)$1,371.40B
Record High$1,405.75B (2021)
Real Effective Exchange Rates (REER)1964–2026
Japanese Yen (JPY) Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER)
Latest (Sep 2026)66.61
Record High194.05 (1995)
Bank of Japan Policy Rate & Balance Sheet Trajectories
Bank of Japan · JPY
Bank of Japan Policy Interest Rate (Japan) (1946-2026)
% p.a.Drag to pan, scroll to zoom, or toggle between full archive (1946–2026) and recent monthly observations.
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Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS) & Bank of Japan (WS_CBPOL:M:JP)
Latest: 1.25% (Sep 2026)
· Real Rate: -0.65%
Bank of Japan · JPY
Bank of Japan Balance Sheet Total Assets (USD) (1957-2026)
USD BillionsDrag to pan, scroll to zoom, or toggle between full archive (1957–2026) and recent monthly observations.
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Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS) (WS_CBTA:M:JP:B:USD:_Z:B)
Latest: $4,020.94B (Jul 2026)
Bank of Japan Bilateral Rate Differentials
Consolidated Annual Monetary Ledger - Bank of Japan
Annual policy rate, headline CPI, ex-post real rate, balance sheet assets ($B & % GDP), reserves ($B), and REER index
| Year | Policy Rate | CPI (YoY) | Real Rate | Assets ($B USD) | Assets (% GDP) | Reserves ($B) | REER (2020=100) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 1.25% | 1.52% | -0.27% | $4,020.94B | 94.35% | - | 66.19 |
| 2025 | 0.75% | 3.20% | -2.45% | $4,326.07B | 101.70% | $1,371.40B | 72.50 |
| 2024 | 0.25% | 2.75% | -2.50% | $4,765.66B | 117.46% | $1,230.67B | 71.46 |
| 2023 | -0.10% | 3.26% | -3.36% | $5,301.03B | 121.62% | $1,294.64B | 75.49 |
| 2022 | -0.10% | 2.51% | -2.61% | $5,337.86B | 120.41% | $1,227.57B | 79.19 |
| 2021 | -0.10% | -0.24% | +0.14% | $6,287.29B | 126.13% | $1,405.75B | 91.15 |
| 2020 | -0.10% | -0.02% | -0.08% | $6,815.86B | 126.86% | $1,390.81B | 100.00 |
| 2019 | -0.10% | 0.50% | -0.60% | $5,279.38B | 100.21% | $1,322.44B | 99.18 |
| 2018 | -0.10% | 0.97% | -1.07% | $5,022.94B | 96.99% | $1,270.47B | 96.30 |
| 2017 | -0.10% | 0.48% | -0.58% | $4,631.76B | 92.28% | $1,264.14B | 97.31 |
| 2016 | -0.10% | -0.11% | +0.01% | $4,070.31B | 85.74% | $1,216.52B | 102.29 |
| 2015 | - | 0.79% | - | $3,182.19B | 69.79% | $1,233.10B | 90.25 |
| 2014 | - | 2.77% | - | $2,509.72B | 56.85% | $1,260.68B | 96.75 |
| 2013 | 0.05% | 0.34% | -0.29% | $2,136.40B | 43.55% | $1,266.85B | 102.64 |
| 2012 | 0.05% | -0.05% | +0.10% | $1,839.13B | 31.33% | $1,268.09B | 128.83 |
| 2011 | 0.05% | -0.28% | +0.33% | $1,846.87B | 28.52% | $1,295.84B | 130.47 |
| 2010 | 0.05% | -0.70% | +0.75% | $1,582.91B | 25.22% | $1,104.56B | 128.82 |
| 2009 | 0.10% | -1.34% | +1.44% | $1,325.64B | 24.53% | $1,051.65B | 128.10 |
| 2008 | 0.10% | 1.39% | -1.29% | $1,354.53B | 23.01% | $1,030.76B | 114.03 |
| 2007 | 0.50% | 0.05% | +0.45% | $993.28B | 20.43% | $973.30B | 106.07 |
| 2006 | 0.25% | 0.22% | +0.03% | $969.67B | 21.37% | $895.32B | 115.99 |
| 2005 | - | -0.24% | - | $1,321.60B | 28.95% | $846.90B | 128.32 |
| 2004 | - | -0.02% | - | $1,409.86B | 27.04% | $844.67B | 136.87 |
| 2003 | - | -0.26% | - | $1,228.57B | 24.77% | $673.55B | 135.76 |
| 2002 | - | -0.91% | - | $1,054.91B | 23.50% | $469.62B | 135.27 |
| 2001 | 0.15% | -0.72% | +0.87% | $897.94B | 21.77% | $401.96B | 144.66 |
| 2000 | 0.25% | -0.67% | +0.92% | $929.42B | 19.64% | $361.64B | 162.11 |
| 1999 | 0.25% | -0.34% | +0.59% | $1,088.87B | 20.82% | $293.95B | 153.66 |
| 1998 | 0.25% | 0.68% | -0.43% | $801.60B | 16.79% | $222.44B | 136.91 |
| 1997 | 0.50% | 1.70% | -1.20% | $549.17B | 12.89% | $226.68B | 137.13 |
| 1996 | 0.50% | 0.13% | +0.37% | $532.33B | 11.34% | $225.59B | 146.14 |
| 1995 | 0.50% | -0.10% | +0.60% | $526.28B | 10.24% | $192.62B | 174.35 |
| 1994 | 1.75% | 0.69% | +1.06% | $505.53B | 9.66% | $135.15B | 172.56 |
| 1993 | 1.75% | 1.26% | +0.49% | $448.76B | 9.95% | $107.99B | 149.87 |
| 1992 | 3.25% | 1.74% | +1.51% | $384.68B | 9.52% | $79.70B | 127.75 |
| 1991 | 4.50% | 3.28% | +1.22% | $396.89B | 10.10% | $80.63B | 123.92 |
| 1990 | 6.00% | 3.06% | +2.94% | $362.38B | 10.66% | $87.83B | 116.37 |
| 1989 | 4.25% | 2.29% | +1.96% | $314.28B | 10.53% | $93.67B | 130.43 |
| 1988 | 2.50% | 0.66% | +1.84% | $317.40B | 9.90% | $106.67B | 142.09 |
| 1987 | 2.50% | 0.11% | +2.39% | $286.04B | 9.31% | $92.70B | 135.06 |
| 1986 | 3.00% | 0.60% | +2.40% | $203.80B | 9.11% | $51.73B | 129.14 |
| 1985 | 5.00% | 2.06% | +2.94% | $155.06B | 9.14% | $34.64B | 101.09 |
| 1984 | 5.00% | 2.27% | +2.73% | $119.81B | 9.41% | $33.90B | 100.02 |
| 1983 | 5.00% | 1.89% | +3.11% | $119.56B | 9.18% | $33.84B | 97.60 |
| 1982 | 5.50% | 2.74% | +2.76% | $112.46B | 9.15% | $34.40B | 91.22 |
| 1981 | 5.50% | 4.92% | +0.58% | $114.13B | 9.13% | $37.84B | 101.08 |
| 1980 | 7.25% | 7.79% | -0.54% | $118.92B | 9.43% | $38.92B | 96.75 |
| 1979 | 6.25% | 3.76% | +2.49% | $92.97B | 9.44% | $31.93B | 105.24 |
| 1978 | 3.50% | 4.21% | -0.71% | $108.32B | 9.59% | $37.82B | 120.28 |
| 1977 | 4.25% | 8.14% | -3.89% | $77.55B | 9.38% | $25.91B | 101.59 |
| 1976 | 6.50% | 9.38% | -2.88% | $58.16B | 9.60% | $18.59B | 92.01 |
| 1975 | 6.50% | 11.93% | -5.43% | $51.38B | 9.90% | $14.91B | 87.02 |
| 1974 | 9.00% | 23.10% | -14.10% | $49.91B | 10.55% | $16.55B | 87.53 |
| 1973 | 9.00% | 11.55% | -2.55% | $44.50B | 10.45% | $13.72B | 87.71 |
| 1972 | 4.25% | 4.90% | -0.65% | $29.97B | 9.21% | $18.93B | 78.98 |
| 1971 | 4.75% | 6.42% | -1.67% | $24.51B | 8.99% | $15.47B | 70.28 |
| 1970 | 6.00% | 7.56% | -1.56% | $17.97B | 8.25% | $4.88B | 67.77 |
| 1969 | 6.25% | 5.26% | +0.99% | $15.50B | 8.38% | $3.66B | 66.63 |
| 1968 | 5.84% | 5.43% | +0.41% | $13.05B | 8.29% | $2.98B | 65.77 |
| 1967 | 5.84% | 4.00% | +1.84% | $11.01B | 8.38% | $2.03B | 63.79 |
| 1966 | 5.48% | 4.99% | +0.49% | $9.27B | 8.28% | $2.12B | 63.48 |
| 1965 | 5.48% | 6.67% | -1.19% | $8.74B | 9.02% | $2.15B | 62.83 |
| 1964 | 6.57% | 3.70% | +2.87% | $7.51B | 8.58% | $2.02B | 59.55 |
| 1963 | 5.84% | 7.64% | -1.80% | $6.62B | 8.99% | $2.06B | - |
| 1962 | 6.57% | 6.77% | -0.20% | $5.77B | 8.86% | $2.02B | - |
| 1961 | 7.30% | 5.44% | +1.86% | $5.17B | 9.11% | $1.67B | - |
| 1960 | 6.94% | 3.67% | +3.27% | $4.01B | 8.44% | $1.95B | - |
| 1959 | 7.30% | 1.10% | +6.20% | $3.47B | 8.88% | - | - |
| 1958 | 7.30% | -0.45% | +7.75% | $3.03B | 8.88% | - | - |
| 1957 | 8.40% | 2.96% | +5.44% | $3.02B | 9.39% | - | - |
| 1956 | 7.30% | 0.29% | +7.01% | - | 9.60% | - | - |
| 1955 | 7.30% | -1.11% | +8.41% | - | 10.29% | - | - |
| 1954 | 5.84% | 6.94% | -1.10% | - | - | - | - |
| 1953 | 5.84% | 6.33% | -0.49% | - | - | - | - |
| 1952 | 5.84% | 5.18% | +0.66% | - | - | - | - |
| 1951 | 5.84% | 17.86% | -12.02% | - | - | - | - |
| 1950 | 5.11% | -6.67% | +11.78% | - | - | - | - |
| 1949 | 5.11% | 35.03% | -29.92% | - | - | - | - |
| 1948 | 5.11% | 92.41% | -87.30% | - | - | - | - |
| 1947 | 3.65% | 177.35% | -173.70% | - | - | - | - |
| 1946 | 3.65% | - | - | - | - | - | - |