India Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD) - Historical Data
Total official international reserves of India (Reserve Bank of India), comprising monetary gold valued at year-end London market prices, convertible foreign exchange reserves, Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), and IMF reserve positions from 1960 to 2025. Latest reserve holdings stand at $700.07 billion USD (2025).
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Current Statistics & Historical Records
Latest Reading (2025)
$700.07B
Prev (2024): $643.04B+$57.03B
Highest Recorded (2025)
$700.07B
Peak foreign exchange and gold reserves held by India.
Lowest Recorded (1964)
$0.50B
Lowest recorded official international reserve holdings for India.
Long-Run Mean (1960–2025)
$138.73B
66 annual observations · Annual
Reserve Bank of India · INR
India Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD) (1960-2025)
USD BillionsDrag to pan, scroll to zoom, or toggle between full archive (1960–2025) and recent annual observations.
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Source: World Bank Open Data & International Monetary Fund (IFS) (WB:FI.RES.TOTL.CD:IND)
Latest: $700.07B (2025)
India FX Reserves ($B) Averages by Decade
Decadal mean, peak, and trough across the 1960–2025 archive
| Decade | Years Covered | Decade Mean | Decade High (Year) | Decade Low (Year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960s | 1960–1969 | $0.65B | $0.93B (1969) | $0.50B (1964) |
| 1970s | 1970–1979 | $3.96B | $11.82B (1979) | $1.02B (1970) |
| 1980s | 1980–1989 | $9.38B | $12.01B (1980) | $8.05B (1989) |
| 1990s | 1990–1999 | $20.45B | $36.01B (1999) | $5.64B (1990) |
| 2000s | 2000–2009 | $153.16B | $284.68B (2009) | $41.06B (2000) |
| 2010s | 2010–2019 | $351.31B | $463.47B (2019) | $298.09B (2013) |
| 2020s | 2020–2025 | $627.82B | $700.07B (2025) | $567.30B (2022) |
Complete Annual Historical Ledger (1960–2025)
Unit: USD Billions · Source: World Bank Open Data & International Monetary Fund (IFS) (WB:FI.RES.TOTL.CD:IND)
| Year | Annual Value (USD Billions) | Intra-Year Range (Min – Max) | Monetary Regime & Historical Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $700.07B | $700.07B – $700.07B | Post-tightening monetary recalibration across advanced and emerging central banks |
| 2024 | $643.04B | $643.04B – $643.04B | G10 policy rates peak and pivot toward gradual monetary normalization |
| 2023 | $627.79B | $627.79B – $627.79B | - |
| 2022 | $567.30B | $567.30B – $567.30B | Global inflation surge triggers fastest synchronized rate hiking cycle in four decades |
| 2021 | $638.48B | $638.48B – $638.48B | - |
| 2020 | $590.23B | $590.23B – $590.23B | COVID-19 pandemic emergency rate cuts and record balance sheet expansion |
| 2019 | $463.47B | $463.47B – $463.47B | - |
| 2018 | $399.17B | $399.17B – $399.17B | - |
| 2017 | $412.61B | $412.61B – $412.61B | - |
| 2016 | $361.69B | $361.69B – $361.69B | Bank of Japan introduces Yield Curve Control (YCC); post-Brexit BoE easing |
| 2015 | $353.32B | $353.32B – $353.32B | - |
| 2014 | $325.08B | $325.08B – $325.08B | ECB and European peers introduce Negative Interest Rate Policy (NIRP) |
| 2013 | $298.09B | $298.09B – $298.09B | - |
| 2012 | $300.43B | $300.43B – $300.43B | - |
| 2011 | $298.74B | $298.74B – $298.74B | European Sovereign Debt Crisis and Swiss franc safe-haven surge |
| 2010 | $300.48B | $300.48B – $300.48B | - |
| 2009 | $284.68B | $284.68B – $284.68B | - |
| 2008 | $257.42B | $257.42B – $257.42B | Global Financial Crisis drives major central banks to the zero lower bound and QE1 |
| 2007 | $276.58B | $276.58B – $276.58B | - |
| 2006 | $178.05B | $178.05B – $178.05B | - |
| 2005 | $137.82B | $137.82B – $137.82B | - |
| 2004 | $131.63B | $131.63B – $131.63B | - |
| 2003 | $103.74B | $103.74B – $103.74B | - |
| 2002 | $71.61B | $71.61B – $71.61B | - |
| 2001 | $49.05B | $49.05B – $49.05B | Dot-com bust and synchronized G10 monetary easing cycle |
| 2000 | $41.06B | $41.06B – $41.06B | - |
| 1999 | $36.01B | $36.01B – $36.01B | Launch of the Euro and establishment of the European Central Bank (ECB) |
| 1998 | $30.65B | $30.65B – $30.65B | - |
| 1997 | $28.39B | $28.39B – $28.39B | Asian Financial Crisis triggers emergency EM currency defense hikes |
| 1996 | $24.89B | $24.89B – $24.89B | - |
| 1995 | $22.86B | $22.86B – $22.86B | - |
| 1994 | $24.22B | $24.22B – $24.22B | Global bond market selloff and pre-emptive Federal Reserve tightening cycle |
| 1993 | $14.67B | $14.67B – $14.67B | - |
| 1992 | $9.54B | $9.54B – $9.54B | European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) crisis and Black Wednesday |
| 1991 | $7.62B | $7.62B – $7.62B | - |
| 1990 | $5.64B | $5.64B – $5.64B | German reunification tightening and Japanese asset bubble peak |
| 1989 | $8.05B | $8.05B – $8.05B | - |
| 1988 | $9.19B | $9.19B – $9.19B | - |
| 1987 | $11.51B | $11.51B – $11.51B | Louvre Accord and Black Monday central bank liquidity provision |
| 1986 | $10.48B | $10.48B – $10.48B | - |
| 1985 | $9.49B | $9.49B – $9.49B | Plaza Accord coordinated G5 currency intervention depreciates USD |
| 1984 | $8.54B | $8.54B – $8.54B | - |
| 1983 | $8.22B | $8.22B – $8.22B | - |
| 1982 | $8.24B | $8.24B – $8.24B | - |
| 1981 | $8.11B | $8.11B – $8.11B | Volcker disinflation peak pushes benchmark policy rates to postwar highs |
| 1980 | $12.01B | $12.01B – $12.01B | - |
| 1979 | $11.82B | $11.82B – $11.82B | Second oil shock; Paul Volcker appointed Federal Reserve Chair |
| 1978 | $8.32B | $8.32B – $8.32B | - |
| 1977 | $6.09B | $6.09B – $6.09B | - |
| 1976 | $3.73B | $3.73B – $3.73B | - |
| 1975 | $2.06B | $2.06B – $2.06B | - |
| 1974 | $2.32B | $2.32B – $2.32B | First OPEC oil shock triggers global stagflation and steep policy rate hikes |
| 1973 | $1.63B | $1.63B – $1.63B | - |
| 1972 | $1.37B | $1.37B – $1.37B | - |
| 1971 | $1.25B | $1.25B – $1.25B | Nixon Shock suspends USD gold convertibility; Bretton Woods system ends |
| 1970 | $1.02B | $1.02B – $1.02B | - |
| 1969 | $0.93B | $0.93B – $0.93B | - |
| 1968 | $0.73B | $0.73B – $0.73B | - |
| 1967 | $0.66B | $0.66B – $0.66B | - |
| 1966 | $0.61B | $0.61B – $0.61B | Credit crunch of 1966 and monetary tightening |
| 1965 | $0.60B | $0.60B – $0.60B | - |
| 1964 | $0.50B | $0.50B – $0.50B | - |
| 1963 | $0.61B | $0.61B – $0.61B | - |
| 1962 | $0.51B | $0.51B – $0.51B | - |
| 1961 | $0.67B | $0.67B – $0.67B | - |
| 1960 | $0.67B | $0.67B – $0.67B | - |
Frequently Asked Questions - India FX Reserves ($B)
How much in foreign exchange and gold reserves does India hold?
As of 2025, India holds $700.07 billion USD in total international reserves (including monetary gold and foreign exchange).
Statistical Provenance
Source Metadata & Methodology Notes
- Primary Institution:
- World Bank Open Data & International Monetary Fund (IFS)
- Dataset / Dataflow:
- World Development Indicators: Total Reserves Including Gold (FI.RES.TOTL.CD)
- Canonical Series ID:
- WB:FI.RES.TOTL.CD:IND
- Reuse & License:
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
- Holdings of monetary gold (valued at year-end London prices), Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), reserves of IMF members held by the IMF, and holdings of foreign exchange under the control of monetary authorities.
- Values are converted from current US dollars to billions of US dollars ($10^9$).
- Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) via World Bank Development Indicators.
Academic & Media Attribution
Cite This Dataset (APA & BibTeX)
APA 7th Edition
CentralBankData.com. (2025). India Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD), compiled from World Bank & IMF International Financial Statistics (FI.RES.TOTL.CD, CC BY 4.0). https://centralbankdata.com/india-foreign-exchange-reserves
BibTeX
@misc{cbd_reserves_india,
author = {CentralBankData.com},
title = {India Foreign Exchange and Gold Reserves},
note = {Compiled from World Bank and IMF IFS FI.RES.TOTL.CD (CC BY 4.0)},
year = {2025},
url = {https://centralbankdata.com/india-foreign-exchange-reserves}
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