Japan Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD) - Historical Data
Total official international reserves of Japan (Bank of Japan), comprising monetary gold valued at year-end London market prices, convertible foreign exchange reserves, Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), and IMF reserve positions from 1960 to 2025. Latest reserve holdings stand at $1,371.40 billion USD (2025).
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Current Statistics & Historical Records
Latest Reading (2025)
$1,371.40B
Prev (2024): $1,230.67B+$140.73B
Highest Recorded (2021)
$1,405.75B
Peak foreign exchange and gold reserves held by Japan.
Lowest Recorded (1961)
$1.67B
Lowest recorded official international reserve holdings for Japan.
Long-Run Mean (1960–2025)
$460.68B
66 annual observations · Annual
Bank of Japan · JPY
Japan Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD) (1960-2025)
USD BillionsDrag to pan, scroll to zoom, or toggle between full archive (1960–2025) and recent annual observations.
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Source: World Bank Open Data & International Monetary Fund (IFS) (WB:FI.RES.TOTL.CD:JPN)
Latest: $1,371.40B (2025)
Japan FX Reserves ($B) Averages by Decade
Decadal mean, peak, and trough across the 1960–2025 archive
| Decade | Years Covered | Decade Mean | Decade High (Year) | Decade Low (Year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960s | 1960–1969 | $2.27B | $3.66B (1969) | $1.67B (1961) |
| 1970s | 1970–1979 | $19.87B | $37.82B (1978) | $4.88B (1970) |
| 1980s | 1980–1989 | $55.83B | $106.67B (1988) | $33.84B (1983) |
| 1990s | 1990–1999 | $165.26B | $293.95B (1999) | $79.70B (1992) |
| 2000s | 2000–2009 | $754.94B | $1,051.65B (2009) | $361.64B (2000) |
| 2010s | 2010–2019 | $1,250.27B | $1,322.44B (2019) | $1,104.56B (2010) |
| 2020s | 2020–2025 | $1,320.14B | $1,405.75B (2021) | $1,227.57B (2022) |
Complete Annual Historical Ledger (1960–2025)
Unit: USD Billions · Source: World Bank Open Data & International Monetary Fund (IFS) (WB:FI.RES.TOTL.CD:JPN)
| Year | Annual Value (USD Billions) | Intra-Year Range (Min – Max) | Monetary Regime & Historical Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $1,371.40B | $1,371.40B – $1,371.40B | Post-tightening monetary recalibration across advanced and emerging central banks |
| 2024 | $1,230.67B | $1,230.67B – $1,230.67B | G10 policy rates peak and pivot toward gradual monetary normalization |
| 2023 | $1,294.64B | $1,294.64B – $1,294.64B | - |
| 2022 | $1,227.57B | $1,227.57B – $1,227.57B | Global inflation surge triggers fastest synchronized rate hiking cycle in four decades |
| 2021 | $1,405.75B | $1,405.75B – $1,405.75B | - |
| 2020 | $1,390.81B | $1,390.81B – $1,390.81B | COVID-19 pandemic emergency rate cuts and record balance sheet expansion |
| 2019 | $1,322.44B | $1,322.44B – $1,322.44B | - |
| 2018 | $1,270.47B | $1,270.47B – $1,270.47B | - |
| 2017 | $1,264.14B | $1,264.14B – $1,264.14B | - |
| 2016 | $1,216.52B | $1,216.52B – $1,216.52B | Bank of Japan introduces Yield Curve Control (YCC); post-Brexit BoE easing |
| 2015 | $1,233.10B | $1,233.10B – $1,233.10B | - |
| 2014 | $1,260.68B | $1,260.68B – $1,260.68B | ECB and European peers introduce Negative Interest Rate Policy (NIRP) |
| 2013 | $1,266.85B | $1,266.85B – $1,266.85B | - |
| 2012 | $1,268.09B | $1,268.09B – $1,268.09B | - |
| 2011 | $1,295.84B | $1,295.84B – $1,295.84B | European Sovereign Debt Crisis and Swiss franc safe-haven surge |
| 2010 | $1,104.56B | $1,104.56B – $1,104.56B | - |
| 2009 | $1,051.65B | $1,051.65B – $1,051.65B | - |
| 2008 | $1,030.76B | $1,030.76B – $1,030.76B | Global Financial Crisis drives major central banks to the zero lower bound and QE1 |
| 2007 | $973.30B | $973.30B – $973.30B | - |
| 2006 | $895.32B | $895.32B – $895.32B | - |
| 2005 | $846.90B | $846.90B – $846.90B | - |
| 2004 | $844.67B | $844.67B – $844.67B | - |
| 2003 | $673.55B | $673.55B – $673.55B | - |
| 2002 | $469.62B | $469.62B – $469.62B | - |
| 2001 | $401.96B | $401.96B – $401.96B | Dot-com bust and synchronized G10 monetary easing cycle |
| 2000 | $361.64B | $361.64B – $361.64B | - |
| 1999 | $293.95B | $293.95B – $293.95B | Launch of the Euro and establishment of the European Central Bank (ECB) |
| 1998 | $222.44B | $222.44B – $222.44B | - |
| 1997 | $226.68B | $226.68B – $226.68B | Asian Financial Crisis triggers emergency EM currency defense hikes |
| 1996 | $225.59B | $225.59B – $225.59B | - |
| 1995 | $192.62B | $192.62B – $192.62B | - |
| 1994 | $135.15B | $135.15B – $135.15B | Global bond market selloff and pre-emptive Federal Reserve tightening cycle |
| 1993 | $107.99B | $107.99B – $107.99B | - |
| 1992 | $79.70B | $79.70B – $79.70B | European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) crisis and Black Wednesday |
| 1991 | $80.63B | $80.63B – $80.63B | - |
| 1990 | $87.83B | $87.83B – $87.83B | German reunification tightening and Japanese asset bubble peak |
| 1989 | $93.67B | $93.67B – $93.67B | - |
| 1988 | $106.67B | $106.67B – $106.67B | - |
| 1987 | $92.70B | $92.70B – $92.70B | Louvre Accord and Black Monday central bank liquidity provision |
| 1986 | $51.73B | $51.73B – $51.73B | - |
| 1985 | $34.64B | $34.64B – $34.64B | Plaza Accord coordinated G5 currency intervention depreciates USD |
| 1984 | $33.90B | $33.90B – $33.90B | - |
| 1983 | $33.84B | $33.84B – $33.84B | - |
| 1982 | $34.40B | $34.40B – $34.40B | - |
| 1981 | $37.84B | $37.84B – $37.84B | Volcker disinflation peak pushes benchmark policy rates to postwar highs |
| 1980 | $38.92B | $38.92B – $38.92B | - |
| 1979 | $31.93B | $31.93B – $31.93B | Second oil shock; Paul Volcker appointed Federal Reserve Chair |
| 1978 | $37.82B | $37.82B – $37.82B | - |
| 1977 | $25.91B | $25.91B – $25.91B | - |
| 1976 | $18.59B | $18.59B – $18.59B | - |
| 1975 | $14.91B | $14.91B – $14.91B | - |
| 1974 | $16.55B | $16.55B – $16.55B | First OPEC oil shock triggers global stagflation and steep policy rate hikes |
| 1973 | $13.72B | $13.72B – $13.72B | - |
| 1972 | $18.93B | $18.93B – $18.93B | - |
| 1971 | $15.47B | $15.47B – $15.47B | Nixon Shock suspends USD gold convertibility; Bretton Woods system ends |
| 1970 | $4.88B | $4.88B – $4.88B | - |
| 1969 | $3.66B | $3.66B – $3.66B | - |
| 1968 | $2.98B | $2.98B – $2.98B | - |
| 1967 | $2.03B | $2.03B – $2.03B | - |
| 1966 | $2.12B | $2.12B – $2.12B | Credit crunch of 1966 and monetary tightening |
| 1965 | $2.15B | $2.15B – $2.15B | - |
| 1964 | $2.02B | $2.02B – $2.02B | - |
| 1963 | $2.06B | $2.06B – $2.06B | - |
| 1962 | $2.02B | $2.02B – $2.02B | - |
| 1961 | $1.67B | $1.67B – $1.67B | - |
| 1960 | $1.95B | $1.95B – $1.95B | - |
Frequently Asked Questions - Japan FX Reserves ($B)
How much in foreign exchange and gold reserves does Japan hold?
As of 2025, Japan holds $1,371.40 billion USD in total international reserves (including monetary gold and foreign exchange).
Statistical Provenance
Source Metadata & Methodology Notes
- Primary Institution:
- World Bank Open Data & International Monetary Fund (IFS)
- Dataset / Dataflow:
- World Development Indicators: Total Reserves Including Gold (FI.RES.TOTL.CD)
- Canonical Series ID:
- WB:FI.RES.TOTL.CD:JPN
- Reuse & License:
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
- Holdings of monetary gold (valued at year-end London prices), Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), reserves of IMF members held by the IMF, and holdings of foreign exchange under the control of monetary authorities.
- Values are converted from current US dollars to billions of US dollars ($10^9$).
- Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) via World Bank Development Indicators.
Academic & Media Attribution
Cite This Dataset (APA & BibTeX)
APA 7th Edition
CentralBankData.com. (2025). Japan Foreign Exchange & Gold Reserves (USD), compiled from World Bank & IMF International Financial Statistics (FI.RES.TOTL.CD, CC BY 4.0). https://centralbankdata.com/japan-foreign-exchange-reserves
BibTeX
@misc{cbd_reserves_japan,
author = {CentralBankData.com},
title = {Japan Foreign Exchange and Gold Reserves},
note = {Compiled from World Bank and IMF IFS FI.RES.TOTL.CD (CC BY 4.0)},
year = {2025},
url = {https://centralbankdata.com/japan-foreign-exchange-reserves}
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